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26 // ------------------------------------------------------------
27 // GEANT 4 class implementation file
28 //
29 // ---------------- G4Fancy3DNucleus ----------------
30 // by Gunter Folger, May 1998.
31 // class for a 3D nucleus, arranging nucleons in space and momentum.
32 // ------------------------------------------------------------
33 // 20110805 M. Kelsey -- Remove C-style array (pointer) of G4Nucleons,
34 // make vector a container of objects. Move Helper class
35 // to .hh. Move testSums, places, momentum and fermiM to
36 // class data members for reuse.
37
38 #include <algorithm>
39
40 #include "G4Fancy3DNucleus.hh"
41 #include "G4Fancy3DNucleusHelper.hh"
42 #include "G4NuclearFermiDensity.hh"
43 #include "G4NuclearShellModelDensity.hh"
44 #include "G4NucleiProperties.hh"
45 #include "G4HyperNucleiProperties.hh"
46 #include "G4Nucleon.hh"
47 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
48 #include "Randomize.hh"
49 #include "G4ios.hh"
50 #include "G4Pow.hh"
51 #include "G4HadronicException.hh"
52
53 #include "Randomize.hh"
54 #include "G4ThreeVector.hh"
55 #include "G4RandomDirection.hh"
56 #include "G4LorentzRotation.hh"
57 #include "G4RotationMatrix.hh"
58 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
59
60 G4Fancy3DNucleus::G4Fancy3DNucleus()
61 : myA(0), myZ(0), myL(0), theNucleons(250), currentNucleon(-1), theDensity(0),
62 nucleondistance(0.8*fermi),excitationEnergy(0.),
63 places(250), momentum(250), fermiM(250), testSums(250)
64 {
65 }
66
67 G4Fancy3DNucleus::~G4Fancy3DNucleus()
68 {
69 if(theDensity) delete theDensity;
70 }
71
72 #if defined(NON_INTEGER_A_Z)
73 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::Init(G4double theA, G4double theZ, G4int numberOfLambdas)
74 {
75 G4int intZ = G4int(theZ);
76 G4int intA= ( G4UniformRand()>theA-G4int(theA) ) ? G4int(theA) : G4int(theA)+1;
77 // forward to integer Init()
78 Init(intA, intZ, std::max(numberOfLambdas, 0));
79
80 }
81 #endif
82
83 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::Init(G4int theA, G4int theZ, G4int numberOfLambdas)
84 {
85 currentNucleon=-1;
86 theNucleons.clear();
87 nucleondistance = 0.8*fermi;
88 places.clear();
89 momentum.clear();
90 fermiM.clear();
91 testSums.clear();
92
93 myZ = theZ;
94 myA = theA;
95 myL = std::max(numberOfLambdas, 0); // Cannot be negative
96 excitationEnergy=0;
97
98 theNucleons.resize(myA); // Pre-loads vector with empty elements
99
100 // For simplicity, we neglect eventual Lambdas in the nucleus as far as the
101 // density of nucler levels and the Fermi level are concerned.
102
103 if(theDensity) delete theDensity;
104 if ( myA < 17 ) {
105 theDensity = new G4NuclearShellModelDensity(myA, myZ);
106 if( myA == 12 ) nucleondistance=0.9*fermi;
107 } else {
108 theDensity = new G4NuclearFermiDensity(myA, myZ);
109 }
110
111 theFermi.Init(myA, myZ);
112
113 ChooseNucleons();
114
115 ChoosePositions();
116
117 if( myA == 12 ) CenterNucleons(); // This would introduce a bias
118
119 ChooseFermiMomenta();
120
121 G4double Ebinding= BindingEnergy()/myA;
122
123 for (G4int aNucleon=0; aNucleon < myA; aNucleon++)
124 {
125 theNucleons[aNucleon].SetBindingEnergy(Ebinding);
126 }
127
128 return;
129 }
130
131 G4bool G4Fancy3DNucleus::StartLoop()
132 {
133 currentNucleon=0;
134 return (theNucleons.size()>0);
135 }
136
137 // Returns by pointer; null pointer indicates end of loop
138 G4Nucleon * G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetNextNucleon()
139 {
140 return ( (currentNucleon>=0 && currentNucleon<myA) ?
141 &theNucleons[currentNucleon++] : 0 );
142 }
143
144 const std::vector<G4Nucleon> & G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetNucleons()
145 {
146 return theNucleons;
147 }
148
149
150 // Class-scope function to sort nucleons by Z coordinate
151 bool G4Fancy3DNucleusHelperForSortInZ(const G4Nucleon& nuc1, const G4Nucleon& nuc2)
152 {
153 return nuc1.GetPosition().z() < nuc2.GetPosition().z();
154 }
155
156 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::SortNucleonsIncZ()
157 {
158 if (theNucleons.size() < 2 ) return; // Avoid unnecesary work
159
160 std::sort(theNucleons.begin(), theNucleons.end(),
161 G4Fancy3DNucleusHelperForSortInZ);
162 }
163
164 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::SortNucleonsDecZ()
165 {
166 if (theNucleons.size() < 2 ) return; // Avoid unnecessary work
167 SortNucleonsIncZ();
168
169 std::reverse(theNucleons.begin(), theNucleons.end());
170 }
171
172
173 G4double G4Fancy3DNucleus::BindingEnergy()
174 {
175 return G4NucleiProperties::GetBindingEnergy(myA,myZ);
176 }
177
178
179 G4double G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetNuclearRadius()
180 {
181 return GetNuclearRadius(0.5);
182 }
183
184 G4double G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetNuclearRadius(const G4double maxRelativeDensity)
185 {
186 return theDensity->GetRadius(maxRelativeDensity);
187 }
188
189 G4double G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetOuterRadius()
190 {
191 G4double maxradius2=0;
192
193 for (int i=0; i<myA; i++)
194 {
195 if ( theNucleons[i].GetPosition().mag2() > maxradius2 )
196 {
197 maxradius2=theNucleons[i].GetPosition().mag2();
198 }
199 }
200 return std::sqrt(maxradius2)+nucleondistance;
201 }
202
203 G4double G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetMass()
204 {
205 if ( myL <= 0 ) return myZ*G4Proton::Proton()->GetPDGMass() +
206 (myA-myZ)*G4Neutron::Neutron()->GetPDGMass() -
207 BindingEnergy();
208 else return G4HyperNucleiProperties::GetNuclearMass(myA, myZ, myL);
209 }
210
211
212
213 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::DoLorentzBoost(const G4LorentzVector & theBoost)
214 {
215 for (G4int i=0; i<myA; i++){
216 theNucleons[i].Boost(theBoost);
217 }
218 }
219
220 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::DoLorentzBoost(const G4ThreeVector & theBeta)
221 {
222 for (G4int i=0; i<myA; i++){
223 theNucleons[i].Boost(theBeta);
224 }
225 }
226
227 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::DoLorentzContraction(const G4ThreeVector & theBeta)
228 {
229 G4double beta2=theBeta.mag2();
230 if (beta2 > 0) {
231 G4double factor=(1-std::sqrt(1-beta2))/beta2; // (gamma-1)/gamma/beta**2
232 G4ThreeVector rprime;
233 for (G4int i=0; i< myA; i++) {
234 rprime = theNucleons[i].GetPosition() -
235 factor * (theBeta*theNucleons[i].GetPosition()) * theBeta;
236 theNucleons[i].SetPosition(rprime);
237 }
238 }
239 }
240
241 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::DoLorentzContraction(const G4LorentzVector & theBoost)
242 {
243 if (theBoost.e() !=0 ) {
244 G4ThreeVector beta = theBoost.vect()/theBoost.e();
245 DoLorentzContraction(beta);
246 }
247 }
248
249
250
251 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::CenterNucleons()
252 {
253 G4ThreeVector center;
254
255 for (G4int i=0; i<myA; i++ )
256 {
257 center+=theNucleons[i].GetPosition();
258 }
259 center /= -myA;
260 DoTranslation(center);
261 }
262
263 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::DoTranslation(const G4ThreeVector & theShift)
264 {
265 G4ThreeVector tempV;
266 for (G4int i=0; i<myA; i++ )
267 {
268 tempV = theNucleons[i].GetPosition() + theShift;
269 theNucleons[i].SetPosition(tempV);
270 }
271 }
272
273 const G4VNuclearDensity * G4Fancy3DNucleus::GetNuclearDensity() const
274 {
275 return theDensity;
276 }
277
278 //----------------------- private Implementation Methods-------------
279
280 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::ChooseNucleons()
281 {
282 G4int protons=0, nucleons=0, lambdas=0;
283 G4double probProton = ( G4double(myZ) )/( G4double(myA) );
284 G4double probLambda = myL > 0 ? ( G4double(myL) )/( G4double(myA) ) : 0.0;
285 while ( nucleons < myA ) { /* Loop checking, 30-Oct-2015, G.Folger */
286 G4double rnd = G4UniformRand();
287 if ( rnd < probProton ) {
288 if ( protons < myZ ) {
289 protons++;
290 theNucleons[nucleons++].SetParticleType(G4Proton::Proton());
291 }
292 } else if ( rnd < probProton + probLambda ) {
293 if ( lambdas < myL ) {
294 lambdas++;
295 theNucleons[nucleons++].SetParticleType(G4Lambda::Lambda());
296 }
297 } else {
298 if ( (nucleons - protons - lambdas) < (myA - myZ - myL) ) {
299 theNucleons[nucleons++].SetParticleType(G4Neutron::Neutron());
300 }
301 }
302 }
303 return;
304 }
305
306 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::ChoosePositions()
307 {
308 if( myA != 12) {
309
310 G4int i=0;
311 G4ThreeVector aPos, delta;
312 G4bool freeplace;
313 const G4double nd2=sqr(nucleondistance);
314 G4double maxR=GetNuclearRadius(0.001); // there are no nucleons at a
315 // relative Density of 0.01
316 G4int jr=0;
317 G4int jx,jy;
318 G4double arand[600];
319 G4double *prand=arand;
320 places.clear(); // Reset data buffer
321 G4int interationsLeft=1000*myA;
322 while ( (i < myA) && (--interationsLeft>0)) /* Loop checking, 30-Oct-2015, G.Folger */
323 {
324 do
325 {
326 if ( jr < 3 )
327 {
328 jr=std::min(600,9*(myA - i));
329 G4RandFlat::shootArray(jr,prand);
330 //CLHEP::RandFlat::shootArray(jr, prand );
331 }
332 jx=--jr;
333 jy=--jr;
334 aPos.set((2*arand[jx]-1.), (2*arand[jy]-1.), (2*arand[--jr]-1.));
335 } while (aPos.mag2() > 1. ); /* Loop checking, 30-Oct-2015, G.Folger */
336 aPos *=maxR;
337 G4double density=theDensity->GetRelativeDensity(aPos);
338 if (G4UniformRand() < density)
339 {
340 freeplace= true;
341 std::vector<G4ThreeVector>::iterator iplace;
342 for( iplace=places.begin(); iplace!=places.end() && freeplace;++iplace)
343 {
344 delta = *iplace - aPos;
345 freeplace= delta.mag2() > nd2;
346 }
347 if ( freeplace ) {
348 G4double pFermi=theFermi.GetFermiMomentum(theDensity->GetDensity(aPos));
349 // protons must at least have binding energy of CoulombBarrier, so
350 // assuming the Fermi energy corresponds to a potential, we must place these such
351 // that the Fermi Energy > CoulombBarrier
352 if (theNucleons[i].GetDefinition() == G4Proton::Proton())
353 {
354 G4double nucMass = theNucleons[i].GetDefinition()->GetPDGMass();
355 G4double eFermi= std::sqrt( sqr(pFermi) + sqr(nucMass) ) - nucMass;
356 if (eFermi <= CoulombBarrier() ) freeplace=false;
357 }
358 }
359 if ( freeplace ) {
360 theNucleons[i].SetPosition(aPos);
361 places.push_back(aPos);
362 ++i;
363 }
364 }
365 }
366 if (interationsLeft<=0) {
367 G4Exception("model/util/G4Fancy3DNucleus.cc", "mod_util001", FatalException,
368 "Problem to place nucleons");
369 }
370
371 } else {
372 // Start insertion
373 // Alpha cluster structure of carbon nuclei, C-12, is implemented according to
374 // P. Bozek, W. Broniowski, E.R. Arriola and M. Rybczynski
375 // Phys. Rev. C90, 064902 (2014)
376 const G4double Lbase=3.05*fermi;
377 const G4double Disp=0.552; // 0.91^2*2/3 fermi^2
378 const G4double nd2=sqr(nucleondistance);
379 const G4ThreeVector Corner1=G4ThreeVector( Lbase/2., 0., 0.);
380 const G4ThreeVector Corner2=G4ThreeVector(-Lbase/2., 0., 0.);
381 const G4ThreeVector Corner3=G4ThreeVector( 0.,Lbase*0.866, 0.); // 0.866=sqrt(3)/2
382 G4ThreeVector R1;
383 R1=G4ThreeVector(G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp))*fermi + Corner1;
384 theNucleons[0].SetPosition(R1); // First nucleon of the first He-4
385 G4int loopCounterLeft = 10000;
386 for(G4int ii=1; ii<4; ii++) // 2 - 4 nucleons of the first He-4
387 {
388 G4bool Continue;
389 do
390 {
391 R1=G4ThreeVector(G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp))*fermi + Corner1;
392 theNucleons[ii].SetPosition(R1);
393 Continue=false;
394 for(G4int jj=0; jj < ii; jj++)
395 {
396 if( (theNucleons[ii].GetPosition() - theNucleons[jj].GetPosition()).mag2() <= nd2 ) {Continue = true; break;}
397 }
398 } while( Continue && --loopCounterLeft > 0 ); /* Loop checking, 12-Dec-2017, A.Ribon */
399 }
400 if ( loopCounterLeft <= 0 ) {
401 G4Exception("model/util/G4Fancy3DNucleus.cc", "mod_util002", FatalException,
402 "Unable to find a good position for the first alpha cluster");
403 }
404 loopCounterLeft = 10000;
405 for(G4int ii=4; ii<8; ii++) // 5 - 8 nucleons of the second He-4
406 {
407 G4bool Continue;
408 do
409 {
410 R1=G4ThreeVector(G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp))*fermi + Corner2;
411 theNucleons[ii].SetPosition(R1);
412 Continue=false;
413 for(G4int jj=0; jj < ii; jj++)
414 {
415 if( (theNucleons[ii].GetPosition() - theNucleons[jj].GetPosition()).mag2() <= nd2 ) {Continue = true; break;}
416 }
417 } while( Continue && --loopCounterLeft > 0 ); /* Loop checking, 12-Dec-2017, A.Ribon */
418 }
419 if ( loopCounterLeft <= 0 ) {
420 G4Exception("model/util/G4Fancy3DNucleus.cc", "mod_util003", FatalException,
421 "Unable to find a good position for the second alpha cluster");
422 }
423 loopCounterLeft = 10000;
424 for(G4int ii=8; ii<12; ii++) // 9 - 12 nucleons of the third He-4
425 {
426 G4bool Continue;
427 do
428 {
429 R1=G4ThreeVector(G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp), G4RandGauss::shoot(0.,Disp))*fermi + Corner3;
430 theNucleons[ii].SetPosition(R1);
431 Continue=false;
432 for(G4int jj=0; jj < ii; jj++)
433 {
434 if( (theNucleons[ii].GetPosition() - theNucleons[jj].GetPosition()).mag2() <= nd2 ) {Continue = true; break;}
435 }
436 } while( Continue && --loopCounterLeft > 0 ); /* Loop checking, 12-Dec-2017, A.Ribon */
437 }
438 if ( loopCounterLeft <= 0 ) {
439 G4Exception("model/util/G4Fancy3DNucleus.cc", "mod_util004", FatalException,
440 "Unable to find a good position for the third alpha cluster");
441 }
442 G4LorentzRotation RandomRotation;
443 RandomRotation.rotateZ(2.*pi*G4UniformRand());
444 RandomRotation.rotateY(std::acos(2.*G4UniformRand()-1.));
445 // Randomly rotation of the created nucleus
446 G4LorentzVector Pos;
447 for(G4int ii=0; ii<myA; ii++ )
448 {
449 Pos=G4LorentzVector(theNucleons[ii].GetPosition(),0.); Pos *=RandomRotation;
450 G4ThreeVector NewPos = Pos.vect();
451 theNucleons[ii].SetPosition(NewPos);
452 }
453
454 }
455 }
456
457 void G4Fancy3DNucleus::ChooseFermiMomenta()
458 {
459 G4int i;
460 G4double density;
461
462 // Pre-allocate buffers for filling by index
463 momentum.resize(myA, G4ThreeVector(0.,0.,0.));
464 fermiM.resize(myA, 0.*GeV);
465
466 for (G4int ntry=0; ntry<1 ; ntry ++ )
467 {
468 for (i=0; i < myA; i++ ) // momenta for all, including last, in case we swap nucleons
469 {
470 density = theDensity->GetDensity(theNucleons[i].GetPosition());
471 fermiM[i] = theFermi.GetFermiMomentum(density);
472 G4ThreeVector mom=theFermi.GetMomentum(density);
473 if (theNucleons[i].GetDefinition() == G4Proton::Proton())
474 {
475 G4double eMax = std::sqrt(sqr(fermiM[i]) +sqr(theNucleons[i].GetDefinition()->GetPDGMass()) )
476 - CoulombBarrier();
477 if ( eMax > theNucleons[i].GetDefinition()->GetPDGMass() )
478 {
479 G4double pmax2= sqr(eMax) - sqr(theNucleons[i].GetDefinition()->GetPDGMass());
480 fermiM[i] = std::sqrt(pmax2);
481 while ( mom.mag2() > pmax2 ) /* Loop checking, 30-Oct-2015, G.Folger */
482 {
483 mom=theFermi.GetMomentum(density, fermiM[i]);
484 }
485 } else
486 {
487 //AR-21Dec2017 : emit a "JustWarning" exception instead of writing on the error stream.
488 //G4cerr << "G4Fancy3DNucleus: difficulty finding proton momentum" << G4endl;
489 G4ExceptionDescription ed;
490 ed << "Nucleus Z A " << myZ << " " << myA << G4endl;
491 ed << "proton with eMax=" << eMax << G4endl;
492 G4Exception( "G4Fancy3DNucleus::ChooseFermiMomenta(): difficulty finding proton momentum, set it to (0,0,0)",
493 "HAD_FANCY3DNUCLEUS_001", JustWarning, ed );
494 mom=G4ThreeVector(0,0,0);
495 }
496
497 }
498 momentum[i]= mom;
499 }
500
501 if ( ReduceSum() ) break;
502 // G4cout <<" G4FancyNucleus: iterating to find momenta: "<< ntry<< G4endl;
503 }
504
505 // G4ThreeVector sum;
506 // for (G4int index=0; index<myA;sum+=momentum[index++])
507 // ;
508 // G4cout << "final sum / mag() " << sum << " / " << sum.mag() << G4endl;
509
510 G4double energy;
511 for ( i=0; i< myA ; i++ )
512 {
513 energy = theNucleons[i].GetParticleType()->GetPDGMass()
514 - BindingEnergy()/myA;
515 G4LorentzVector tempV(momentum[i],energy);
516 theNucleons[i].SetMomentum(tempV);
517 // GF 11-05-2011: set BindingEnergy to be T of Nucleon with p , ~ p**2/2m
518 //theNucleons[i].SetBindingEnergy(
519 // 0.5*sqr(fermiM[i])/theNucleons[i].GetParticleType()->GetPDGMass());
520 }
521 }
522
523
524 G4bool G4Fancy3DNucleus::ReduceSum()
525 {
526 G4ThreeVector sum;
527 G4double PFermi=fermiM[myA-1];
528
529 for (G4int i=0; i < myA-1 ; i++ )
530 { sum+=momentum[i]; }
531
532 // check if have to do anything at all..
533 if ( sum.mag() <= PFermi )
534 {
535 momentum[myA-1]=-sum;
536 return true;
537 }
538
539 // find all possible changes in momentum, changing only the component parallel to sum
540 G4ThreeVector testDir=sum.unit();
541 testSums.clear();
542 testSums.resize(myA-1); // Allocate block for filling below
543
544 G4ThreeVector delta;
545 for (G4int aNucleon=0; aNucleon < myA-1; ++aNucleon) {
546 delta = 2.*((momentum[aNucleon]*testDir)*testDir);
547
548 testSums[aNucleon].Fill(delta, delta.mag(), aNucleon);
549 }
550
551 std::sort(testSums.begin(), testSums.end());
552
553 // reduce Momentum Sum until the next would be allowed.
554 G4int index=(G4int)testSums.size();
555 while ( (sum-testSums[--index].Vector).mag()>PFermi && index>0) /* Loop checking, 30-Oct-2015, G.Folger */
556 {
557 // Only take one which improve, ie. don't change sign and overshoot...
558 if ( sum.mag() > (sum-testSums[index].Vector).mag() ) {
559 momentum[testSums[index].Index]-=testSums[index].Vector;
560 sum-=testSums[index].Vector;
561 }
562 }
563
564 if ( (sum-testSums[index].Vector).mag() <= PFermi )
565 {
566 G4int best=-1;
567 G4double pBest=2*PFermi; // anything larger than PFermi
568 for ( G4int aNucleon=0; aNucleon<=index; aNucleon++)
569 {
570 // find the momentum closest to choosen momentum for last Nucleon.
571 G4double pTry=(testSums[aNucleon].Vector-sum).mag();
572 if ( pTry < PFermi
573 && std::abs(momentum[myA-1].mag() - pTry ) < pBest )
574 {
575 pBest=std::abs(momentum[myA-1].mag() - pTry );
576 best=aNucleon;
577 }
578 }
579 if ( best < 0 )
580 {
581 const G4String& text = "G4Fancy3DNucleus.cc: Logic error in ReduceSum()";
582 throw G4HadronicException(__FILE__, __LINE__, text);
583 }
584 momentum[testSums[best].Index]-=testSums[best].Vector;
585 momentum[myA-1]=testSums[best].Vector-sum;
586
587 return true;
588
589 }
590
591 // try to compensate momentum using another Nucleon....
592 G4int swapit=-1;
593 while (swapit<myA-1) /* Loop checking, 30-Oct-2015, G.Folger */
594 {
595 if ( fermiM[++swapit] > PFermi ) break;
596 }
597 if (swapit == myA-1 ) return false;
598
599 // Now we have a nucleon with a bigger Fermi Momentum.
600 // Exchange with last nucleon.. and iterate.
601 std::swap(theNucleons[swapit], theNucleons[myA-1]);
602 std::swap(momentum[swapit], momentum[myA-1]);
603 std::swap(fermiM[swapit], fermiM[myA-1]);
604 return ReduceSum();
605 }
606
607 G4double G4Fancy3DNucleus::CoulombBarrier()
608 {
609 static const G4double cfactor = (1.44/1.14) * MeV;
610 return cfactor*myZ/(1.0 + G4Pow::GetInstance()->Z13(myA));
611 }
612