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1 // 2 // ******************************************************************** 3 // * License and Disclaimer * 4 // * * 5 // * The Geant4 software is copyright of the Copyright Holders of * 6 // * the Geant4 Collaboration. It is provided under the terms and * 7 // * conditions of the Geant4 Software License, included in the file * 8 // * LICENSE and available at http://cern.ch/geant4/license . These * 9 // * include a list of copyright holders. * 10 // * * 11 // * Neither the authors of this software system, nor their employing * 12 // * institutes,nor the agencies providing financial support for this * 13 // * work make any representation or warranty, express or implied, * 14 // * regarding this software system or assume any liability for its * 15 // * use. Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * 16 // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * 17 // * * 18 // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * 19 // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * 20 // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * 21 // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * 22 // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * 23 // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * 24 // ******************************************************************** 25 // 26 // 27 /// \file electromagnetic/TestEm10/src/Materials.cc 28 /// \brief Implementation of the Materials class 29 // 30 // 31 // 32 // GEANT 4 class 33 // 34 // History: based on object model of 35 // Materials 36 // Originally Created in Test30 by Vladimir Ivanchenko, 12 March 2002 37 // 38 // Modified for Test by V. Grichine, 29 Jan 2006 39 // is filled with XTR related materials, plastics, gas mixtures, etc 40 41 #include "Materials.hh" 42 43 #include "G4Material.hh" 44 #include "G4MaterialTable.hh" 45 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 46 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh" 47 48 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... 49 50 Materials* Materials::fgInstance = 0; 51 52 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... 53 54 Materials* Materials::GetInstance() 55 { 56 if (!fgInstance) { 57 fgInstance = new Materials(); 58 } 59 return fgInstance; 60 } 61 62 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... 63 64 Materials::Materials() 65 { 66 fgInstance = this; 67 Initialise(); 68 } 69 70 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... 71 72 Materials::~Materials() {} 73 74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... 75 76 void Materials::Initialise() 77 { 78 G4String name, symbol; 79 G4double a, z; 80 G4double density, fractionmass; 81 G4int nel, ncomponents; 82 83 // define Elements 84 85 a = 1.01 * g / mole; 86 G4Element* elH = new G4Element(name = "Hydrogen", symbol = "H", z = 1., a); 87 88 a = 6.94 * g / mole; 89 G4Element* elLi = new G4Element(name = "Lithium", symbol = "Li", z = 3., a); 90 91 a = 9.01 * g / mole; 92 G4Element* elBe = new G4Element(name = "Berillium", symbol = "Be", z = 4., a); 93 94 a = 12.01 * g / mole; 95 G4Element* elC = new G4Element(name = "Carbon", symbol = "C", z = 6., a); 96 97 a = 14.01 * g / mole; 98 G4Element* elN = new G4Element(name = "Nitrogen", symbol = "N", z = 7., a); 99 100 a = 16.00 * g / mole; 101 G4Element* elO = new G4Element(name = "Oxygen", symbol = "O", z = 8., a); 102 103 a = 39.948 * g / mole; 104 G4Element* elAr = new G4Element(name = "Argon", symbol = "Ar", z = 18., a); 105 106 /* 107 a = 131.29*g/mole; 108 G4Element* elXe = new G4Element(name="Xenon", symbol="Xe", z=54., a); 109 110 a = 19.00*g/mole; 111 G4Element* elF = new G4Element(name="Fluorine", symbol="F", z=9., a); 112 */ 113 114 ////////////// 115 // 116 // Detector windows, electrodes 117 // Al for electrodes 118 119 density = 2.700 * g / cm3; 120 a = 26.98 * g / mole; 121 new G4Material(name = "Al", z = 13., a, density); 122 123 ///////// 124 // 125 // Materials for popular X-ray TR radiators 126 // 127 128 // TRT_CH2 129 130 density = 0.935 * g / cm3; 131 G4Material* TRT_CH2 = new G4Material(name = "TRT_CH2", density, nel = 2); 132 TRT_CH2->AddElement(elC, 1); 133 TRT_CH2->AddElement(elH, 2); 134 135 // Radiator 136 137 density = 0.059 * g / cm3; 138 G4Material* Radiator = new G4Material(name = "Radiator", density, nel = 2); 139 Radiator->AddElement(elC, 1); 140 Radiator->AddElement(elH, 2); 141 142 // Carbon Fiber 143 144 density = 0.145 * g / cm3; 145 G4Material* CarbonFiber = new G4Material(name = "CarbonFiber", density, nel = 1); 146 CarbonFiber->AddElement(elC, 1); 147 148 // Lithium 149 150 density = 0.534 * g / cm3; 151 G4Material* Li = new G4Material(name = "Li", density, nel = 1); 152 Li->AddElement(elLi, 1); 153 154 // Beryllium 155 156 density = 1.848 * g / cm3; 157 G4Material* Be = new G4Material(name = "Be", density, nel = 1); 158 Be->AddElement(elBe, 1); 159 160 // Mylar 161 162 density = 1.39 * g / cm3; 163 G4Material* Mylar = new G4Material(name = "Mylar", density, nel = 3); 164 Mylar->AddElement(elO, 2); 165 Mylar->AddElement(elC, 5); 166 Mylar->AddElement(elH, 4); 167 168 // Kapton Dupont de Nemur (density: 1.396-1.430, get middle ) 169 170 density = 1.413 * g / cm3; 171 G4Material* Kapton = new G4Material(name = "Kapton", density, nel = 4); 172 Kapton->AddElement(elO, 5); 173 Kapton->AddElement(elC, 22); 174 Kapton->AddElement(elN, 2); 175 Kapton->AddElement(elH, 10); 176 177 // Kapton (polyimide) ??? since = Mylar C5H4O2 178 179 // density = 1.39*g/cm3; 180 // G4Material* kapton = new G4Material(name="kapton", density, nel=3); 181 // Kapton->AddElement(elO,2); 182 // Kapton->AddElement(elC,5); 183 // Kapton->AddElement(elH,4); 184 185 // Polypropelene 186 187 G4Material* CH2 = new G4Material("CH2", 0.91 * g / cm3, 2); 188 CH2->AddElement(elH, 2); 189 CH2->AddElement(elC, 1); 190 191 //////////////////////////// 192 // 193 // Noble gases , STP conditions 194 195 // Helium as detector gas, STP 196 197 density = 0.178 * mg / cm3; 198 a = 4.0026 * g / mole; 199 G4Material* He = new G4Material(name = "He", z = 2., a, density); 200 201 // Neon as detector gas, STP 202 203 density = 0.900 * mg / cm3; 204 a = 20.179 * g / mole; 205 new G4Material(name = "Ne", z = 10., a, density); 206 207 // Argon as detector gas, STP 208 209 density = 1.7836 * mg / cm3; // STP 210 G4Material* Argon = new G4Material(name = "Argon", density, ncomponents = 1); 211 Argon->AddElement(elAr, 1); 212 213 // Krypton as detector gas, STP 214 215 density = 3.700 * mg / cm3; 216 a = 83.80 * g / mole; 217 G4Material* Kr = new G4Material(name = "Kr", z = 36., a, density); 218 219 // Xenon as detector gas, STP 220 221 density = 5.858 * mg / cm3; 222 a = 131.29 * g / mole; 223 G4Material* Xe = new G4Material(name = "Xenon", z = 54., a, density); 224 225 ///////////////////////////////// 226 // 227 // Hydrocarbones, metane and others 228 229 // Metane, STP 230 231 density = 0.7174 * mg / cm3; 232 G4Material* metane = new G4Material(name = "CH4", density, nel = 2); 233 metane->AddElement(elC, 1); 234 metane->AddElement(elH, 4); 235 236 // Propane, STP 237 238 density = 2.005 * mg / cm3; 239 G4Material* propane = new G4Material(name = "C3H8", density, nel = 2); 240 propane->AddElement(elC, 3); 241 propane->AddElement(elH, 8); 242 243 // iso-Butane (methylpropane), STP 244 245 density = 2.67 * mg / cm3; 246 G4Material* isobutane = new G4Material(name = "isoC4H10", density, nel = 2); 247 isobutane->AddElement(elC, 4); 248 isobutane->AddElement(elH, 10); 249 250 ///////////////////////// 251 // 252 // Molecular gases 253 254 // Carbon dioxide, STP 255 256 density = 1.977 * mg / cm3; 257 G4Material* CO2 = 258 new G4Material(name = "CO2", density, nel = 2, kStateGas, 273.15 * kelvin, 1. * atmosphere); 259 CO2->AddElement(elC, 1); 260 CO2->AddElement(elO, 2); 261 262 // Carbon dioxide, STP 263 264 density = 1.977 * 273. * mg / cm3 / 293.; 265 G4Material* CarbonDioxide = new G4Material(name = "CO2_2", density, nel = 2); 266 CarbonDioxide->AddElement(elC, 1); 267 CarbonDioxide->AddElement(elO, 2); 268 269 // Nitrogen, STP 270 271 density = 1.25053 * mg / cm3; // STP 272 G4Material* Nitrogen = new G4Material(name = "N2", density, ncomponents = 1); 273 Nitrogen->AddElement(elN, 2); 274 275 // Oxygen, STP 276 277 density = 1.4289 * mg / cm3; // STP 278 G4Material* Oxygen = new G4Material(name = "O2", density, ncomponents = 1); 279 Oxygen->AddElement(elO, 2); 280 281 /* ***************************** 282 density = 1.25053*mg/cm3; // STP 283 a = 14.01*g/mole ; // get atomic weight !!! 284 // a = 28.016*g/mole; 285 G4Material* N2 = new G4Material(name="Nitrogen", z= 7.,a,density) ; 286 287 density = 1.25053*mg/cm3; // STP 288 G4Material* anotherN2 = new G4Material(name="anotherN2", density,ncomponents=2); 289 anotherN2->AddElement(elN, 1); 290 anotherN2->AddElement(elN, 1); 291 292 // air made from oxigen and nitrogen only 293 294 density = 1.290*mg/cm3; // old air from elements 295 G4Material* air = new G4Material(name="air" , density, ncomponents=2); 296 air->AddElement(elN, fractionmass=0.7); 297 air->AddElement(elO, fractionmass=0.3); 298 ******************************************** */ 299 300 // Dry Air (average composition with Ar), STP 301 302 density = 1.2928 * mg / cm3; // STP 303 G4Material* Air = new G4Material(name = "Air", density, ncomponents = 3); 304 Air->AddMaterial(Nitrogen, fractionmass = 0.7557); 305 Air->AddMaterial(Oxygen, fractionmass = 0.2315); 306 Air->AddMaterial(Argon, fractionmass = 0.0128); 307 308 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 309 // 310 // MWPC mixtures 311 312 // 85% Xe + 15% CO2, STP 313 314 density = 4.9 * mg / cm3; 315 G4Material* Xe15CO2 = new G4Material(name = "Xe15CO2", density, ncomponents = 2); 316 Xe15CO2->AddMaterial(Xe, fractionmass = 0.979); 317 Xe15CO2->AddMaterial(CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.021); 318 319 // 80% Xe + 20% CO2, STP 320 321 density = 5.0818 * mg / cm3; 322 G4Material* Xe20CO2 = new G4Material(name = "Xe20CO2", density, ncomponents = 2); 323 Xe20CO2->AddMaterial(Xe, fractionmass = 0.922); 324 Xe20CO2->AddMaterial(CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.078); 325 326 // 70% Xe + 27% CO2 + 3% O2, 20 1 atm ATLAS straw tube mixture 327 328 density = 4.358 * mg / cm3; 329 G4Material* Xe27CO23O2 = new G4Material(name = "Xe27CO23O2", density, ncomponents = 3); 330 Xe27CO23O2->AddMaterial(Xe, fractionmass = 0.87671); 331 Xe27CO23O2->AddMaterial(CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.11412); 332 Xe27CO23O2->AddMaterial(Oxygen, fractionmass = 0.00917); 333 334 // 80% Kr + 20% CO2, STP 335 336 density = 3.601 * mg / cm3; 337 G4Material* Kr20CO2 = new G4Material(name = "Kr20CO2", density, ncomponents = 2); 338 Kr20CO2->AddMaterial(Kr, fractionmass = 0.89); 339 Kr20CO2->AddMaterial(CarbonDioxide, fractionmass = 0.11); 340 341 // Xe + 55% He + 15% CH4 ; NIM A294 (1990) 465-472; STP 342 343 density = 1.963 * 273. * mg / cm3 / 293.; 344 G4Material* Xe55He15CH4 = new G4Material(name = "Xe55He15CH4", density, ncomponents = 3); 345 Xe55He15CH4->AddMaterial(Xe, 0.895); 346 Xe55He15CH4->AddMaterial(He, 0.050); 347 Xe55He15CH4->AddMaterial(metane, 0.055); 348 349 // 90% Xe + 10% CH4, STP ; NIM A248 (1986) 379-388 350 351 density = 5.344 * mg / cm3; 352 G4Material* Xe10CH4 = new G4Material(name = "Xe10CH4", density, ncomponents = 2); 353 Xe10CH4->AddMaterial(Xe, fractionmass = 0.987); 354 Xe10CH4->AddMaterial(metane, fractionmass = 0.013); 355 356 // 95% Xe + 5% CH4, STP ; NIM A214 (1983) 261-268 357 358 density = 5.601 * mg / cm3; 359 G4Material* Xe5CH4 = new G4Material(name = "Xe5CH4", density, ncomponents = 2); 360 Xe5CH4->AddMaterial(Xe, fractionmass = 0.994); 361 Xe5CH4->AddMaterial(metane, fractionmass = 0.006); 362 363 // 80% Xe + 20% CH4, STP ; NIM A253 (1987) 235-244 364 365 density = 4.83 * mg / cm3; 366 G4Material* Xe20CH4 = new G4Material(name = "Xe20CH4", density, ncomponents = 2); 367 Xe20CH4->AddMaterial(Xe, fractionmass = 0.97); 368 Xe20CH4->AddMaterial(metane, fractionmass = 0.03); 369 370 // 93% Ar + 7% CH4, STP ; NIM 107 (1973) 413-422 371 372 density = 1.709 * mg / cm3; 373 G4Material* Ar7CH4 = new G4Material(name = "Ar7CH4", density, ncomponents = 2); 374 Ar7CH4->AddMaterial(Argon, fractionmass = 0.971); 375 Ar7CH4->AddMaterial(metane, fractionmass = 0.029); 376 377 // 93% Kr + 7% CH4, STP ; NIM 107 (1973) 413-422 378 379 density = 3.491 * mg / cm3; 380 G4Material* Kr7CH4 = new G4Material(name = "Kr7CH4", density, ncomponents = 2); 381 Kr7CH4->AddMaterial(Kr, fractionmass = 0.986); 382 Kr7CH4->AddMaterial(metane, fractionmass = 0.014); 383 384 // 0.5*(95% Xe + 5% CH4)+0.5*(93% Ar + 7% CH4), STP ; NIM A214 (1983) 261-268 385 386 density = 3.655 * mg / cm3; 387 G4Material* XeArCH4 = new G4Material(name = "XeArCH4", density, ncomponents = 2); 388 XeArCH4->AddMaterial(Xe5CH4, fractionmass = 0.766); 389 XeArCH4->AddMaterial(Ar7CH4, fractionmass = 0.234); 390 391 // Silicon as detector material 392 393 density = 2.330 * g / cm3; 394 a = 28.09 * g / mole; 395 new G4Material(name = "Si", z = 14., a, density); 396 397 /* 398 G4Material* ma; 399 ma = new G4Material("H", 1., 1.0*g/mole, 1.*g/cm3); 400 ma = new G4Material("D", 1., 2.0*g/mole, 1.*g/cm3); 401 ma = new G4Material("Li", 3., 6.941*g/mole, 1.*g/cm3); 402 ma = new G4Material("Be", 4., 9.01*g/mole, 1.848*g/cm3); 403 ma = new G4Material("C", 6., 12.00*g/mole, 2.0*g/cm3); 404 ma = new G4Material("Graphite",6., 12.00*g/mole, 2.265*g/cm3 ); 405 ma->SetChemicalFormula("Graphite"); 406 ma = new G4Material("Al", 13., 26.98*g/mole, 2.7 *g/cm3); 407 ma = new G4Material("Si", 14., 29.055*g/mole, 2.33*g/cm3); 408 ma = new G4Material("LAr", 18., 39.95*g/mole, 1.393*g/cm3); 409 ma = new G4Material("Zr", 40., 91.224*g/mole, 4.0*g/cm3); 410 ma = new G4Material("LXe", 54., 131.29*g/mole, 3.02*g/cm3); 411 ma = new G4Material("Fe", 26., 55.85*g/mole, 7.87*g/cm3); 412 ma = new G4Material("Ni", 29., 58.6934*g/mole, 8.00*g/cm3); 413 ma = new G4Material("Cu", 29., 63.55*g/mole, 8.96*g/cm3); 414 ma = new G4Material("Au", 79., 196.97*g/mole, 19.32*g/cm3); 415 ma = new G4Material("Ta", 73., 180.9479*g/mole, 16.67*g/cm3); 416 ma = new G4Material("W", 74., 183.85*g/mole, 19.30*g/cm3); 417 ma = new G4Material("Pb", 82., 207.19*g/mole, 11.35*g/cm3); 418 ma = new G4Material("Bi", 83., 208.98*g/mole, 12.*g/cm3); 419 ma = new G4Material("U", 92., 238.03*g/mole, 18.95*g/cm3); 420 421 G4Element* H = new G4Element ("Hydrogen", "H", 1. , 1.01*g/mole); 422 G4Element* N = new G4Element ("Nitrigen", "N", 7. , 14.00*g/mole); 423 G4Element* O = new G4Element ("Oxygen" , "O", 8. , 16.00*g/mole); 424 G4Element* C = new G4Element ("Carbon" , "C", 6. , 12.00*g/mole); 425 G4Element* Cs = new G4Element ("Cesium" , "Cs", 55. , 132.905*g/mole); 426 G4Element* I = new G4Element ("Iodide" , "I", 53. , 126.9044*g/mole); 427 428 ma = new G4Material("O2", 8., 16.00*g/mole, 1.1*g/cm3); 429 ma->SetChemicalFormula("O_2"); 430 ma = new G4Material ("Water" , 1.*g/cm3, 2); 431 ma->AddElement(H,2); 432 ma->AddElement(O,1); 433 ma->SetChemicalFormula("H_2O"); 434 ma = new G4Material ("Ethane" , 0.4241*g/cm3, 2); 435 ma->AddElement(H,6); 436 ma->AddElement(C,2); 437 ma->SetChemicalFormula("C_2H_6"); 438 ma = new G4Material ("CsI" , 4.53*g/cm3, 2); 439 ma->AddElement(Cs,1); 440 ma->AddElement(I,1); 441 ma->SetChemicalFormula("CsI"); 442 ma = new G4Material("Air" , 1.290*mg/cm3, 2); 443 // use fraction in mass 444 ma->AddElement(N, 0.7); 445 ma->AddElement(O, 0.3); 446 */ 447 } 448 449 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo...... 450 451 G4Material* Materials::GetMaterial(const G4String& name) 452 { 453 // const G4MaterialTable* theMaterialTable = G4Material::GetMaterialTable(); 454 455 G4Material* ma = G4Material::GetMaterial(name); 456 457 G4cout << "Material is selected: " << ma->GetName() << G4endl; 458 return ma; 459 } 460