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25 // 25 //
>> 26 // $Id: G4ionEffectiveCharge.cc,v 1.14 2006/08/15 16:21:39 vnivanch Exp $
>> 27 // GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-08-01-patch-02 $
26 // 28 //
27 // ------------------------------------------- 29 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
28 // 30 //
29 // GEANT4 Class file 31 // GEANT4 Class file
30 // 32 //
31 // 33 //
32 // File name: G4ionEffectiveCharge 34 // File name: G4ionEffectiveCharge
33 // 35 //
34 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko 36 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
35 // 37 //
36 // Creation date: 07.05.2002 38 // Creation date: 07.05.2002
37 // 39 //
38 // Modifications: 40 // Modifications:
39 // 12.09.2004 Set low energy limit to 1 keV (V 41 // 12.09.2004 Set low energy limit to 1 keV (V.Ivanchenko)
40 // 25.01.2005 Add protection - min Charge 0.1 42 // 25.01.2005 Add protection - min Charge 0.1 eplus (V.Ivanchenko)
41 // 28.04.2006 Set upper energy limit to 50 MeV 43 // 28.04.2006 Set upper energy limit to 50 MeV (V.Ivanchenko)
42 // 23.05.2006 Set upper energy limit to Z*10 M 44 // 23.05.2006 Set upper energy limit to Z*10 MeV (V.Ivanchenko)
43 // 15.08.2006 Add protection for not defined m 45 // 15.08.2006 Add protection for not defined material (V.Ivanchenko)
44 // 27-09-2007 Use Fermi energy from material, <<
45 // 46 //
46 47
47 // ------------------------------------------- 48 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
48 // 49 //
49 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 50 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
50 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 51 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
51 52
52 #include "G4ionEffectiveCharge.hh" 53 #include "G4ionEffectiveCharge.hh"
53 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" <<
54 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" <<
55 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh" 54 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
>> 55 #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh"
56 #include "G4Material.hh" 56 #include "G4Material.hh"
57 #include "G4NistManager.hh" <<
58 #include "G4Log.hh" <<
59 #include "G4Exp.hh" <<
60 #include "G4Pow.hh" <<
61 57
62 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 58 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
63 59
64 G4ionEffectiveCharge::G4ionEffectiveCharge() 60 G4ionEffectiveCharge::G4ionEffectiveCharge()
65 { 61 {
66 chargeCorrection = 1.0; 62 chargeCorrection = 1.0;
67 energyHighLimit = 20.0*CLHEP::MeV; << 63 energyHighLimit = 10.0*MeV;
68 energyLowLimit = 1.0*CLHEP::keV; << 64 energyLowLimit = 1.0*keV;
69 energyBohr = 25.*CLHEP::keV; << 65 energyBohr = 25.*keV;
70 massFactor = CLHEP::amu_c2/(CLHEP::pro << 66 massFactor = amu_c2/(proton_mass_c2*keV);
71 minCharge = 1.0; << 67 minCharge = 0.1;
72 lastKinEnergy = 0.0; <<
73 effCharge = CLHEP::eplus; <<
74 inveplus = 1.0/CLHEP::eplus; <<
75 g4calc = G4Pow::GetInstance(); <<
76 } 68 }
77 69
78 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 70 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
79 71
>> 72 G4ionEffectiveCharge::~G4ionEffectiveCharge()
>> 73 {}
>> 74
>> 75 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
>> 76
80 G4double G4ionEffectiveCharge::EffectiveCharge 77 G4double G4ionEffectiveCharge::EffectiveCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
81 78 const G4Material* material,
82 << 79 G4double kineticEnergy)
83 { 80 {
84 if(p == lastPart && material == lastMat && k << 81 G4double mass = p->GetPDGMass();
85 return effCharge; << 82 G4double charge = p->GetPDGCharge();
>> 83 G4double Zi = charge/eplus;
86 84
87 lastPart = p; <<
88 lastMat = material; <<
89 lastKinEnergy = kineticEnergy; <<
90 <<
91 G4double mass = p->GetPDGMass(); <<
92 effCharge = p->GetPDGCharge(); <<
93 G4int Zi = G4lrint(effCharge*inveplus); <<
94 chargeCorrection = 1.0; 85 chargeCorrection = 1.0;
95 if(Zi <= 1) { return effCharge; } <<
96 86
97 // The aproximation of ion effective charge 87 // The aproximation of ion effective charge from:
98 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark 88 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
99 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, 89 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
100 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985 90 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
101 // Fast ions or hadrons 91 // Fast ions or hadrons
102 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * CLH << 92 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * proton_mass_c2/mass ;
>> 93 if( reducedEnergy > Zi*energyHighLimit || Zi < 1.5 || !material) return charge;
103 94
104 //G4cout << "e= " << reducedEnergy << " Zi= << 95 static G4double vFermi[92] = {
105 //<< material->GetName() << G4endl; << 96 1.0309, 0.15976, 0.59782, 1.0781, 1.0486, 1.0, 1.058, 0.93942, 0.74562, 0.3424,
>> 97 0.45259, 0.71074, 0.90519, 0.97411, 0.97184, 0.89852, 0.70827, 0.39816, 0.36552, 0.62712,
>> 98 0.81707, 0.9943, 1.1423, 1.2381, 1.1222, 0.92705, 1.0047, 1.2, 1.0661, 0.97411,
>> 99 0.84912, 0.95, 1.0903, 1.0429, 0.49715, 0.37755, 0.35211, 0.57801, 0.77773, 1.0207,
>> 100 1.029, 1.2542, 1.122, 1.1241, 1.0882, 1.2709, 1.2542, 0.90094, 0.74093, 0.86054,
>> 101 0.93155, 1.0047, 0.55379, 0.43289, 0.32636, 0.5131, 0.695, 0.72591, 0.71202, 0.67413,
>> 102 0.71418, 0.71453, 0.5911, 0.70263, 0.68049, 0.68203, 0.68121, 0.68532, 0.68715, 0.61884,
>> 103 0.71801, 0.83048, 1.1222, 1.2381, 1.045, 1.0733, 1.0953, 1.2381, 1.2879, 0.78654,
>> 104 0.66401, 0.84912, 0.88433, 0.80746, 0.43357, 0.41923, 0.43638, 0.51464, 0.73087, 0.81065,
>> 105 1.9578, 1.0257} ;
>> 106
>> 107 static G4double lFactor[92] = {
>> 108 1.0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.06, 1.01, 1.03, 1.04, 0.99, 0.95, 0.9,
>> 109 0.82, 0.81, 0.83, 0.88, 1.0, 0.95, 0.97, 0.99, 0.98, 0.97,
>> 110 0.98, 0.97, 0.96, 0.93, 0.91, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 111 0.9, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 112 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 113 0.9, 0.9, 0.96, 1.2, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 114 0.92, 0.95, 0.99, 1.03, 1.05, 1.07, 1.08, 1.1, 1.08, 1.08,
>> 115 1.08, 1.08, 1.09, 1.09, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15,
>> 116 1.17, 1.2, 1.18, 1.17, 1.17, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16,
>> 117 1.16, 1.16} ;
>> 118
>> 119 static G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429,
>> 120 0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475} ;
>> 121
>> 122 // get elements in the actual material,
>> 123 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector() ;
>> 124 const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
>> 125 material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector() ;
>> 126 const G4int NumberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements() ;
>> 127
>> 128 // loop for the elements in the material
>> 129 // to find out average values Z, vF, lF
>> 130 G4double z = 0.0, vF = 0.0, lF = 0.0, norm = 0.0 ;
>> 131
>> 132 if( 1 == NumberOfElements ) {
>> 133 z = material->GetZ() ;
>> 134 G4int iz = G4int(z) - 1 ;
>> 135 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ;
>> 136 else if(iz > 91) iz = 91 ;
>> 137 vF = vFermi[iz] ;
>> 138 lF = lFactor[iz] ;
>> 139
>> 140 } else {
>> 141 for (G4int iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; iel++)
>> 142 {
>> 143 const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[iel] ;
>> 144 G4double z2 = element->GetZ() ;
>> 145 const G4double weight = theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel] ;
>> 146 norm += weight ;
>> 147 z += z2 * weight ;
>> 148 G4int iz = G4int(z2) - 1 ;
>> 149 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ;
>> 150 else if(iz > 91) iz =91 ;
>> 151 vF += vFermi[iz] * weight ;
>> 152 lF += lFactor[iz] * weight ;
>> 153 }
>> 154 z /= norm ;
>> 155 vF /= norm ;
>> 156 lF /= norm ;
>> 157 }
106 158
107 if(reducedEnergy > effCharge*energyHighLimit <<
108 return effCharge; <<
109 } <<
110 G4double z = material->GetIonisation()->GetZ <<
111 reducedEnergy = std::max(reducedEnergy,energ 159 reducedEnergy = std::max(reducedEnergy,energyLowLimit);
>> 160 G4double q;
112 161
113 // Helium ion case 162 // Helium ion case
114 if( Zi <= 2 ) { << 163 if( Zi < 2.5 ) {
115 <<
116 static const G4double c[6] = <<
117 {0.2865,0.1266,-0.001429,0.02402,-0.0113 <<
118 164
119 G4double Q = std::max(0.0,G4Log(reducedEne << 165 G4double Q = std::max(0.0,std::log(reducedEnergy*massFactor));
120 G4double x = c[0]; 166 G4double x = c[0];
121 G4double y = 1.0; 167 G4double y = 1.0;
122 for (G4int i=1; i<6; ++i) { << 168 for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) {
123 y *= Q; 169 y *= Q;
124 x += y * c[i] ; 170 x += y * c[i] ;
125 } 171 }
126 G4double ex = (x < 0.2) ? x * (1 - 0.5*x) <<
127 <<
128 G4double tq = 7.6 - Q; 172 G4double tq = 7.6 - Q;
129 G4double tq2= tq*tq; << 173 q = (1.0 + ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ) * std::exp( -tq*tq )) * std::sqrt(1.0 - std::exp(-x)) ;
130 G4double tt = ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ); <<
131 if(tq2 < 0.2) { tt *= (1.0 - tq2 + 0.5*tq2 <<
132 else { tt *= G4Exp(-tq2); } <<
133 <<
134 effCharge *= (1.0 + tt) * std::sqrt(ex); <<
135 174
136 // Heavy ion case 175 // Heavy ion case
137 } else { 176 } else {
138 177
139 G4double zi13 = g4calc->Z13(Zi); << 178 G4double z23 = std::pow(z, 0.666667);
>> 179 G4double zi13 = std::pow(Zi, 0.33333);
140 G4double zi23 = zi13*zi13; 180 G4double zi23 = zi13*zi13;
141 << 181 G4double e = std::max(reducedEnergy,energyBohr/z23);
>> 182
142 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit 183 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit
143 G4double eF = material->GetIonisation()- << 184 G4double v1 = std::sqrt( e / energyBohr )/ vF ;
144 G4double v1sq = reducedEnergy/eF; << 185 G4double y ;
145 G4double vFsq = eF/energyBohr; << 186
146 G4double vF = std::sqrt(vFsq); << 187 // Faster than Fermi velocity
147 << 188 if ( v1 > 1.0 ) {
148 G4double y = ( v1sq > 1.0 ) << 189 y = vF * v1 * ( 1.0 + 0.2 / (v1*v1) ) / zi23 ;
149 // Faster than Fermi velocity << 190
150 ? vF * std::sqrt(v1sq) * ( 1.0 + 0.2/v1s <<
151 // Slower than Fermi velocity 191 // Slower than Fermi velocity
152 : 0.692308 * vF * (1.0 + 0.666666*v1sq + << 192 } else {
>> 193 y = 0.6923 * vF * (1.0 + 2.0*v1*v1/3.0 + v1*v1*v1*v1/15.0) / zi23 ;
>> 194 }
>> 195
>> 196 G4double y3 = std::pow(y, 0.3) ;
>> 197 // G4cout << "y= " << y << " y3= " << y3 << " v1= " << v1 << " vF= " << vF << G4endl;
>> 198 q = 1.0 - std::exp( 0.803*y3 - 1.3167*y3*y3 - 0.38157*y - 0.008983*y*y ) ;
>> 199
>> 200 // q = 1.0 - std::exp(-0.95*std::sqrt(reducedEnergy/energyBohr)/zi23);
153 201
154 G4double y3 = G4Exp(0.3*G4Log(y)); << 202 G4double qmin = minCharge/Zi;
155 // G4cout<<"y= "<<y<<" y3= "<<y3<<" v1= "< << 203
156 G4double q = std::max(1.0 - G4Exp( 0.803*y << 204 if(q < qmin) q = qmin;
157 - 0.00898 <<
158 205
159 // compute charge correction << 206 G4double tq = 7.6 - std::log(reducedEnergy/keV);
160 G4double tq = 7.6 - G4Log(reducedEnergy/CL << 207 G4double sq = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z ) * std::exp( -tq*tq )/ (Zi*Zi);
161 G4double tq2= tq*tq; <<
162 G4double sq = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z )* <<
163 // G4cout << "sq= " << sq << G4endl; 208 // G4cout << "sq= " << sq << G4endl;
164 209
165 // Screen length according to 210 // Screen length according to
166 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stoppi 211 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
167 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 ( 212 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
168 213
169 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF *g4calc->A23(1 << 214 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF * std::pow(1.0-q, 0.6667) / (zi13 * (6.0 + q)) ;
170 G4double lambda2 = lambda*lambda; << 215 chargeCorrection = sq * (1.0 + (0.5/q - 0.5)*std::log(1.0 + lambda*lambda)/(vF*vF) );
171 G4double xx = (0.5/q - 0.5)*G4Log(1.0 + la << 216
172 <<
173 effCharge *= q; <<
174 chargeCorrection = sq * (1.0 + xx); <<
175 } 217 }
176 // G4cout << "G4ionEffectiveCharge: charge= 218 // G4cout << "G4ionEffectiveCharge: charge= " << charge << " q= " << q
177 // << " chargeCor= " << chargeCorrec 219 // << " chargeCor= " << chargeCorrection
178 // << " e(MeV)= " << kineticEnergy << 220 // << " e(MeV)= " << kineticEnergy/MeV << G4endl;
179 return effCharge; << 221 return q*charge;
180 } 222 }
181 223
182 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 224 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
>> 225
>> 226
183 227