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27 // ------------------------------------------- 27 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
28 // 28 //
29 // GEANT4 Class file 29 // GEANT4 Class file
30 // 30 //
31 // 31 //
32 // File name: G4ionEffectiveCharge 32 // File name: G4ionEffectiveCharge
33 // 33 //
34 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko 34 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
35 // 35 //
36 // Creation date: 07.05.2002 36 // Creation date: 07.05.2002
37 // 37 //
38 // Modifications: 38 // Modifications:
39 // 12.09.2004 Set low energy limit to 1 keV (V 39 // 12.09.2004 Set low energy limit to 1 keV (V.Ivanchenko)
40 // 25.01.2005 Add protection - min Charge 0.1 40 // 25.01.2005 Add protection - min Charge 0.1 eplus (V.Ivanchenko)
41 // 28.04.2006 Set upper energy limit to 50 MeV 41 // 28.04.2006 Set upper energy limit to 50 MeV (V.Ivanchenko)
42 // 23.05.2006 Set upper energy limit to Z*10 M 42 // 23.05.2006 Set upper energy limit to Z*10 MeV (V.Ivanchenko)
43 // 15.08.2006 Add protection for not defined m 43 // 15.08.2006 Add protection for not defined material (V.Ivanchenko)
44 // 27-09-2007 Use Fermi energy from material, 44 // 27-09-2007 Use Fermi energy from material, optimazed formulas (V.Ivanchenko)
45 // 45 //
46 46
47 // ------------------------------------------- 47 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
48 // 48 //
49 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 49 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
50 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 50 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
51 51
52 #include "G4ionEffectiveCharge.hh" 52 #include "G4ionEffectiveCharge.hh"
53 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" 53 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
54 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 54 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
55 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh" 55 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
56 #include "G4Material.hh" 56 #include "G4Material.hh"
57 #include "G4NistManager.hh" 57 #include "G4NistManager.hh"
58 #include "G4Log.hh" 58 #include "G4Log.hh"
59 #include "G4Exp.hh" 59 #include "G4Exp.hh"
60 #include "G4Pow.hh" 60 #include "G4Pow.hh"
61 61
62 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 62 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
63 63
64 G4ionEffectiveCharge::G4ionEffectiveCharge() 64 G4ionEffectiveCharge::G4ionEffectiveCharge()
65 { 65 {
66 chargeCorrection = 1.0; 66 chargeCorrection = 1.0;
67 energyHighLimit = 20.0*CLHEP::MeV; 67 energyHighLimit = 20.0*CLHEP::MeV;
68 energyLowLimit = 1.0*CLHEP::keV; 68 energyLowLimit = 1.0*CLHEP::keV;
69 energyBohr = 25.*CLHEP::keV; 69 energyBohr = 25.*CLHEP::keV;
70 massFactor = CLHEP::amu_c2/(CLHEP::pro 70 massFactor = CLHEP::amu_c2/(CLHEP::proton_mass_c2*CLHEP::keV);
71 minCharge = 1.0; 71 minCharge = 1.0;
72 lastKinEnergy = 0.0; 72 lastKinEnergy = 0.0;
73 effCharge = CLHEP::eplus; 73 effCharge = CLHEP::eplus;
74 inveplus = 1.0/CLHEP::eplus; 74 inveplus = 1.0/CLHEP::eplus;
75 g4calc = G4Pow::GetInstance(); 75 g4calc = G4Pow::GetInstance();
76 } 76 }
77 77
78 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 78 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
79 79
80 G4double G4ionEffectiveCharge::EffectiveCharge 80 G4double G4ionEffectiveCharge::EffectiveCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
81 81 const G4Material* material,
82 82 G4double kineticEnergy)
83 { 83 {
84 if(p == lastPart && material == lastMat && k 84 if(p == lastPart && material == lastMat && kineticEnergy == lastKinEnergy)
85 return effCharge; 85 return effCharge;
86 86
87 lastPart = p; 87 lastPart = p;
88 lastMat = material; 88 lastMat = material;
89 lastKinEnergy = kineticEnergy; 89 lastKinEnergy = kineticEnergy;
90 90
91 G4double mass = p->GetPDGMass(); 91 G4double mass = p->GetPDGMass();
92 effCharge = p->GetPDGCharge(); 92 effCharge = p->GetPDGCharge();
93 G4int Zi = G4lrint(effCharge*inveplus); 93 G4int Zi = G4lrint(effCharge*inveplus);
94 chargeCorrection = 1.0; 94 chargeCorrection = 1.0;
95 if(Zi <= 1) { return effCharge; } 95 if(Zi <= 1) { return effCharge; }
96 96
97 // The aproximation of ion effective charge 97 // The aproximation of ion effective charge from:
98 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark 98 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
99 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, 99 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
100 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985 100 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
101 // Fast ions or hadrons 101 // Fast ions or hadrons
102 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * CLH 102 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * CLHEP::proton_mass_c2/mass;
103 103
104 //G4cout << "e= " << reducedEnergy << " Zi= 104 //G4cout << "e= " << reducedEnergy << " Zi= " << Zi << " "
105 //<< material->GetName() << G4endl; 105 //<< material->GetName() << G4endl;
106 106
107 if(reducedEnergy > effCharge*energyHighLimit 107 if(reducedEnergy > effCharge*energyHighLimit ) {
108 return effCharge; 108 return effCharge;
109 } 109 }
110 G4double z = material->GetIonisation()->GetZ 110 G4double z = material->GetIonisation()->GetZeffective();
111 reducedEnergy = std::max(reducedEnergy,energ 111 reducedEnergy = std::max(reducedEnergy,energyLowLimit);
112 112
113 // Helium ion case 113 // Helium ion case
114 if( Zi <= 2 ) { 114 if( Zi <= 2 ) {
115 115
116 static const G4double c[6] = 116 static const G4double c[6] =
117 {0.2865,0.1266,-0.001429,0.02402,-0.0113 117 {0.2865,0.1266,-0.001429,0.02402,-0.01135,0.001475};
118 118
119 G4double Q = std::max(0.0,G4Log(reducedEne 119 G4double Q = std::max(0.0,G4Log(reducedEnergy*massFactor));
120 G4double x = c[0]; 120 G4double x = c[0];
121 G4double y = 1.0; 121 G4double y = 1.0;
122 for (G4int i=1; i<6; ++i) { 122 for (G4int i=1; i<6; ++i) {
123 y *= Q; 123 y *= Q;
124 x += y * c[i] ; 124 x += y * c[i] ;
125 } 125 }
126 G4double ex = (x < 0.2) ? x * (1 - 0.5*x) 126 G4double ex = (x < 0.2) ? x * (1 - 0.5*x) : 1. - G4Exp(-x);
127 127
128 G4double tq = 7.6 - Q; 128 G4double tq = 7.6 - Q;
129 G4double tq2= tq*tq; 129 G4double tq2= tq*tq;
130 G4double tt = ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ); 130 G4double tt = ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z );
131 if(tq2 < 0.2) { tt *= (1.0 - tq2 + 0.5*tq2 131 if(tq2 < 0.2) { tt *= (1.0 - tq2 + 0.5*tq2*tq2); }
132 else { tt *= G4Exp(-tq2); } 132 else { tt *= G4Exp(-tq2); }
133 133
134 effCharge *= (1.0 + tt) * std::sqrt(ex); 134 effCharge *= (1.0 + tt) * std::sqrt(ex);
135 135
136 // Heavy ion case 136 // Heavy ion case
137 } else { 137 } else {
138 138
139 G4double zi13 = g4calc->Z13(Zi); 139 G4double zi13 = g4calc->Z13(Zi);
140 G4double zi23 = zi13*zi13; 140 G4double zi23 = zi13*zi13;
141 141
142 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit 142 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit
143 G4double eF = material->GetIonisation()- 143 G4double eF = material->GetIonisation()->GetFermiEnergy();
144 G4double v1sq = reducedEnergy/eF; 144 G4double v1sq = reducedEnergy/eF;
145 G4double vFsq = eF/energyBohr; 145 G4double vFsq = eF/energyBohr;
146 G4double vF = std::sqrt(vFsq); 146 G4double vF = std::sqrt(vFsq);
147 147
148 G4double y = ( v1sq > 1.0 ) 148 G4double y = ( v1sq > 1.0 )
149 // Faster than Fermi velocity 149 // Faster than Fermi velocity
150 ? vF * std::sqrt(v1sq) * ( 1.0 + 0.2/v1s 150 ? vF * std::sqrt(v1sq) * ( 1.0 + 0.2/v1sq ) / zi23
151 // Slower than Fermi velocity 151 // Slower than Fermi velocity
152 : 0.692308 * vF * (1.0 + 0.666666*v1sq + 152 : 0.692308 * vF * (1.0 + 0.666666*v1sq + v1sq*v1sq/15.0) / zi23;
153 153
154 G4double y3 = G4Exp(0.3*G4Log(y)); 154 G4double y3 = G4Exp(0.3*G4Log(y));
155 // G4cout<<"y= "<<y<<" y3= "<<y3<<" v1= "< 155 // G4cout<<"y= "<<y<<" y3= "<<y3<<" v1= "<<v1<<" vF= "<<vF<<G4endl;
156 G4double q = std::max(1.0 - G4Exp( 0.803*y 156 G4double q = std::max(1.0 - G4Exp( 0.803*y3 - 1.3167*y3*y3 - 0.38157*y
157 - 0.00898 157 - 0.008983*y*y), minCharge/effCharge);
158 158
159 // compute charge correction 159 // compute charge correction
160 G4double tq = 7.6 - G4Log(reducedEnergy/CL 160 G4double tq = 7.6 - G4Log(reducedEnergy/CLHEP::keV);
161 G4double tq2= tq*tq; 161 G4double tq2= tq*tq;
162 G4double sq = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z )* 162 G4double sq = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z )*G4Exp(-tq2)/ (Zi*Zi);
163 // G4cout << "sq= " << sq << G4endl; 163 // G4cout << "sq= " << sq << G4endl;
164 164
165 // Screen length according to 165 // Screen length according to
166 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stoppi 166 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
167 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 ( 167 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
168 168
169 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF *g4calc->A23(1 169 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF *g4calc->A23(1.0 - q)/ (zi13 * (6.0 + q));
170 G4double lambda2 = lambda*lambda; 170 G4double lambda2 = lambda*lambda;
171 G4double xx = (0.5/q - 0.5)*G4Log(1.0 + la 171 G4double xx = (0.5/q - 0.5)*G4Log(1.0 + lambda2)/vFsq;
172 172
173 effCharge *= q; 173 effCharge *= q;
174 chargeCorrection = sq * (1.0 + xx); 174 chargeCorrection = sq * (1.0 + xx);
175 } 175 }
176 // G4cout << "G4ionEffectiveCharge: charge= 176 // G4cout << "G4ionEffectiveCharge: charge= " << charge << " q= " << q
177 // << " chargeCor= " << chargeCorrec 177 // << " chargeCor= " << chargeCorrection
178 // << " e(MeV)= " << kineticEnergy 178 // << " e(MeV)= " << kineticEnergy/MeV << G4endl;
179 return effCharge; 179 return effCharge;
180 } 180 }
181 181
182 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 182 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
183 183