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26 // 26 //
27 // ------------------------------------------- 27 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
28 // 28 //
29 // GEANT4 Class file 29 // GEANT4 Class file
30 // 30 //
31 // 31 //
32 // File name: G4hIonEffChargeSquare 32 // File name: G4hIonEffChargeSquare
33 // 33 //
34 // Author: V.Ivanchenko (Vladimir.Ivanc 34 // Author: V.Ivanchenko (Vladimir.Ivanchenko@cern.ch)
35 // 35 //
36 // Creation date: 20 July 2000 36 // Creation date: 20 July 2000
37 // 37 //
38 // Modifications: 38 // Modifications:
39 // 20/07/2000 V.Ivanchenko First implementati 39 // 20/07/2000 V.Ivanchenko First implementation
40 // 18/06/2001 V.Ivanchenko Continuation for e 40 // 18/06/2001 V.Ivanchenko Continuation for eff.charge (small change of y)
41 // 08/10/2002 V.Ivanchenko The charge of the 41 // 08/10/2002 V.Ivanchenko The charge of the nucleus is used not charge of
42 // DynamicParticle 42 // DynamicParticle
43 // 43 //
44 // Class Description: 44 // Class Description:
45 // 45 //
46 // Ion effective charge model 46 // Ion effective charge model
47 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping o 47 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
48 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988 48 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
49 // 49 //
50 // Class Description: End 50 // Class Description: End
51 // 51 //
52 // ------------------------------------------- 52 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
53 // 53 //
54 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 54 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
55 55
56 #include "G4hIonEffChargeSquare.hh" 56 #include "G4hIonEffChargeSquare.hh"
57 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" 57 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
58 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 58 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
59 #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh" 59 #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh"
60 #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh" 60 #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh"
61 #include "G4Material.hh" 61 #include "G4Material.hh"
62 #include "G4Element.hh" 62 #include "G4Element.hh"
63 #include "G4Exp.hh" 63 #include "G4Exp.hh"
64 64
65 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 65 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
66 66
67 G4hIonEffChargeSquare::G4hIonEffChargeSquare(c 67 G4hIonEffChargeSquare::G4hIonEffChargeSquare(const G4String& name)
68 : G4VLowEnergyModel(name), 68 : G4VLowEnergyModel(name),
69 theHeMassAMU(4.0026) 69 theHeMassAMU(4.0026)
70 {;} 70 {;}
71 71
72 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 72 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
73 73
74 G4hIonEffChargeSquare::~G4hIonEffChargeSquare( 74 G4hIonEffChargeSquare::~G4hIonEffChargeSquare()
75 {;} 75 {;}
76 76
77 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 77 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
78 78
79 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::TheValue(const 79 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::TheValue(const G4DynamicParticle* particle,
80 const G4Mat 80 const G4Material* material)
81 { 81 {
82 G4double energy = particle->GetKineticEnergy 82 G4double energy = particle->GetKineticEnergy() ;
83 G4double particleMass = particle->GetMass() 83 G4double particleMass = particle->GetMass() ;
84 G4double charge = (particle->GetDefinition() 84 G4double charge = (particle->GetDefinition()->GetPDGCharge())/eplus ;
85 85
86 G4double q = IonEffChargeSquare(material,ene 86 G4double q = IonEffChargeSquare(material,energy,particleMass,charge) ;
87 87
88 return q ; 88 return q ;
89 } 89 }
90 90
91 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 91 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
92 92
93 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::TheValue(const 93 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::TheValue(const G4ParticleDefinition* aParticle,
94 const G4Mat 94 const G4Material* material,
95 G4double kineticEnergy) 95 G4double kineticEnergy)
96 { 96 {
97 // SetRateMass(aParticle) ; 97 // SetRateMass(aParticle) ;
98 G4double particleMass = aParticle->GetPDGMas 98 G4double particleMass = aParticle->GetPDGMass() ;
99 G4double charge = (aParticle->GetPDGCharge() 99 G4double charge = (aParticle->GetPDGCharge())/eplus ;
100 100
101 G4double q = IonEffChargeSquare(material,kin 101 G4double q = IonEffChargeSquare(material,kineticEnergy,particleMass,charge) ;
102 102
103 return q ; 103 return q ;
104 } 104 }
105 105
106 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 106 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
107 107
108 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::HighEnergyLimi 108 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::HighEnergyLimit(
109 const G4ParticleDefinition* , 109 const G4ParticleDefinition* ,
110 const G4Material* ) const 110 const G4Material* ) const
111 { 111 {
112 return 1.0*TeV ; 112 return 1.0*TeV ;
113 } 113 }
114 114
115 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 115 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
116 116
117 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::LowEnergyLimit 117 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::LowEnergyLimit(
118 const G4ParticleDefinition* , 118 const G4ParticleDefinition* ,
119 const G4Material* ) const 119 const G4Material* ) const
120 { 120 {
121 return 0.0 ; 121 return 0.0 ;
122 } 122 }
123 123
124 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 124 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
125 125
126 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::HighEnergyLimi 126 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::HighEnergyLimit(
127 const G4ParticleDefinition* ) cons 127 const G4ParticleDefinition* ) const
128 { 128 {
129 return 1.0*TeV ; 129 return 1.0*TeV ;
130 } 130 }
131 131
132 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 132 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
133 133
134 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::LowEnergyLimit 134 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::LowEnergyLimit(
135 const G4ParticleDefinition* ) 135 const G4ParticleDefinition* ) const
136 { 136 {
137 return 0.0 ; 137 return 0.0 ;
138 } 138 }
139 139
140 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 140 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
141 141
142 G4bool G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IsInCharge(const 142 G4bool G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IsInCharge(const G4DynamicParticle* ,
143 const G4Material* 143 const G4Material* ) const
144 { 144 {
145 return true ; 145 return true ;
146 } 146 }
147 147
148 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 148 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
149 149
150 G4bool G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IsInCharge(const 150 G4bool G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IsInCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* ,
151 const G4Mat 151 const G4Material* ) const
152 { 152 {
153 return true ; 153 return true ;
154 } 154 }
155 155
156 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 156 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
157 157
158 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IonEffChargeSq 158 G4double G4hIonEffChargeSquare::IonEffChargeSquare(
159 const G4Material* material, 159 const G4Material* material,
160 G4double kineticEnergy, 160 G4double kineticEnergy,
161 G4double particleMass, 161 G4double particleMass,
162 G4double ionCharge) const 162 G4double ionCharge) const
163 { 163 {
164 // The aproximation of ion effective charge 164 // The aproximation of ion effective charge from:
165 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark 165 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
166 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, 166 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
167 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985 167 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
168 168
169 // Fast ions or hadrons 169 // Fast ions or hadrons
170 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * pro 170 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * proton_mass_c2/particleMass ;
171 if(reducedEnergy < 1.0*keV) reducedEnergy = 171 if(reducedEnergy < 1.0*keV) reducedEnergy = 1.0*keV;
172 if( (reducedEnergy > ionCharge * 10.0 * MeV) 172 if( (reducedEnergy > ionCharge * 10.0 * MeV) ||
173 (ionCharge < 1.5) ) return ionCharge*ion 173 (ionCharge < 1.5) ) return ionCharge*ionCharge ;
174 174
175 static const G4double vFermi[92] = { 175 static const G4double vFermi[92] = {
176 1.0309, 0.15976, 0.59782, 1.0781, 1.0486 176 1.0309, 0.15976, 0.59782, 1.0781, 1.0486, 1.0, 1.058, 0.93942, 0.74562, 0.3424,
177 0.45259, 0.71074, 0.90519, 0.97411, 0.9718 177 0.45259, 0.71074, 0.90519, 0.97411, 0.97184, 0.89852, 0.70827, 0.39816, 0.36552, 0.62712,
178 0.81707, 0.9943, 1.1423, 1.2381, 1.1222 178 0.81707, 0.9943, 1.1423, 1.2381, 1.1222, 0.92705, 1.0047, 1.2, 1.0661, 0.97411,
179 0.84912, 0.95, 1.0903, 1.0429, 0.4971 179 0.84912, 0.95, 1.0903, 1.0429, 0.49715, 0.37755, 0.35211, 0.57801, 0.77773, 1.0207,
180 1.029, 1.2542, 1.122, 1.1241, 1.0882 180 1.029, 1.2542, 1.122, 1.1241, 1.0882, 1.2709, 1.2542, 0.90094, 0.74093, 0.86054,
181 0.93155, 1.0047, 0.55379, 0.43289, 0.3263 181 0.93155, 1.0047, 0.55379, 0.43289, 0.32636, 0.5131, 0.695, 0.72591, 0.71202, 0.67413,
182 0.71418, 0.71453, 0.5911, 0.70263, 0.6804 182 0.71418, 0.71453, 0.5911, 0.70263, 0.68049, 0.68203, 0.68121, 0.68532, 0.68715, 0.61884,
183 0.71801, 0.83048, 1.1222, 1.2381, 1.045, 183 0.71801, 0.83048, 1.1222, 1.2381, 1.045, 1.0733, 1.0953, 1.2381, 1.2879, 0.78654,
184 0.66401, 0.84912, 0.88433, 0.80746, 0.4335 184 0.66401, 0.84912, 0.88433, 0.80746, 0.43357, 0.41923, 0.43638, 0.51464, 0.73087, 0.81065,
185 1.9578, 1.0257} ; 185 1.9578, 1.0257} ;
186 186
>> 187 static const G4double lFactor[92] = {
>> 188 1.0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.06, 1.01, 1.03, 1.04, 0.99, 0.95, 0.9,
>> 189 0.82, 0.81, 0.83, 0.88, 1.0, 0.95, 0.97, 0.99, 0.98, 0.97,
>> 190 0.98, 0.97, 0.96, 0.93, 0.91, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 191 0.9, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 192 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 193 0.9, 0.9, 0.96, 1.2, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 194 0.92, 0.95, 0.99, 1.03, 1.05, 1.07, 1.08, 1.1, 1.08, 1.08,
>> 195 1.08, 1.08, 1.09, 1.09, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15,
>> 196 1.17, 1.2, 1.18, 1.17, 1.17, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16,
>> 197 1.16, 1.16} ;
>> 198
187 static const G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.126 199 static const G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429,
188 0.02402,-0.01135, 0. 200 0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475} ;
189 201
190 // get elements in the actual material, 202 // get elements in the actual material,
191 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = ma 203 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector() ;
192 const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector = 204 const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
193 material->GetAtomicNu 205 material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector() ;
194 const G4int NumberOfElements = (G4int)materi << 206 const G4int NumberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements() ;
195 207
196 // loop for the elements in the material 208 // loop for the elements in the material
197 // to find out average values Z, vF, lF 209 // to find out average values Z, vF, lF
198 G4double z = 0.0, vF = 0.0, norm = 0.0 ; << 210 G4double z = 0.0, vF = 0.0, lF = 0.0, norm = 0.0 ;
199 211
200 if( 1 == NumberOfElements ) { 212 if( 1 == NumberOfElements ) {
201 z = material->GetZ() ; 213 z = material->GetZ() ;
202 G4int iz = G4int(z) - 1 ; 214 G4int iz = G4int(z) - 1 ;
203 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ; 215 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ;
204 else if(iz > 91) iz = 91 ; 216 else if(iz > 91) iz = 91 ;
205 vF = vFermi[iz] ; 217 vF = vFermi[iz] ;
>> 218 lF = lFactor[iz] ;
206 219
207 } else { 220 } else {
208 for (G4int iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; ie 221 for (G4int iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; iel++)
209 { 222 {
210 const G4Element* element = (*theElemen 223 const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[iel] ;
211 G4double z2 = element->GetZ() ; 224 G4double z2 = element->GetZ() ;
212 const G4double weight = theAtomicNumDe 225 const G4double weight = theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel] ;
213 norm += weight ; 226 norm += weight ;
214 z += z2 * weight ; 227 z += z2 * weight ;
215 G4int iz = G4int(z2) - 1 ; 228 G4int iz = G4int(z2) - 1 ;
216 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ; 229 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ;
217 else if(iz > 91) iz =91 ; 230 else if(iz > 91) iz =91 ;
218 vF += vFermi[iz] * weight ; 231 vF += vFermi[iz] * weight ;
>> 232 lF += lFactor[iz] * weight ;
219 } 233 }
220 if (norm > 0.0) { << 234 z /= norm ;
221 z /= norm ; << 235 vF /= norm ;
222 vF /= norm ; << 236 lF /= norm ;
223 } <<
224 } 237 }
225 238
226 // Helium ion case 239 // Helium ion case
227 if( ionCharge < 2.5 ) { 240 if( ionCharge < 2.5 ) {
228 241
229 G4double e = std::log(std::max(1.0, kineti 242 G4double e = std::log(std::max(1.0, kineticEnergy / (keV*theHeMassAMU) )) ;
230 G4double x = c[0] ; 243 G4double x = c[0] ;
231 G4double y = 1.0 ; 244 G4double y = 1.0 ;
232 for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) { 245 for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) {
233 y *= e ; 246 y *= e ;
234 x += y * c[i] ; 247 x += y * c[i] ;
235 } 248 }
236 G4double q = 7.6 - e ; 249 G4double q = 7.6 - e ;
237 q = 1.0 + ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ) * G4Exp( 250 q = 1.0 + ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ) * G4Exp( -q*q ) ;
238 return 4.0 * q * q * (1.0 - G4Exp(-x)) ; 251 return 4.0 * q * q * (1.0 - G4Exp(-x)) ;
239 252
240 // Heavy ion case 253 // Heavy ion case
241 } else { 254 } else {
242 255
243 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit 256 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit
244 G4double v1{0.0}, v2{0.0}; << 257 G4double v1 = std::sqrt( reducedEnergy / (25.0 * keV) )/ vF ;
245 if (vF > 0.0) { <<
246 v1 = std::sqrt( reducedEnergy / (25.0 * <<
247 v2 = 1.0/ (vF*vF); <<
248 } <<
249 G4double y ; 258 G4double y ;
250 G4double z13 = std::pow(ionCharge, 0.3333) 259 G4double z13 = std::pow(ionCharge, 0.3333) ;
251 260
252 // Faster than Fermi velocity 261 // Faster than Fermi velocity
253 if ( v1 > 1.0 ) { 262 if ( v1 > 1.0 ) {
254 y = vF * v1 * ( 1.0 + 0.2 / (v1*v1) ) / 263 y = vF * v1 * ( 1.0 + 0.2 / (v1*v1) ) / (z13*z13) ;
255 264
256 // Slower than Fermi velocity 265 // Slower than Fermi velocity
257 } else { 266 } else {
258 y = 0.6923 * vF * (1.0 + 2.0*v1*v1/3.0 + 267 y = 0.6923 * vF * (1.0 + 2.0*v1*v1/3.0 + v1*v1*v1*v1/15.0) / (z13*z13) ;
259 } 268 }
260 269
261 G4double y3 = std::pow(y, 0.3) ; 270 G4double y3 = std::pow(y, 0.3) ;
262 G4double q = 1.0 - G4Exp( 0.803*y3 - 1.316 271 G4double q = 1.0 - G4Exp( 0.803*y3 - 1.3167*y3*y3 -
263 0.38157*y - 0.0089 272 0.38157*y - 0.008983*y*y ) ;
264 if( q < 0.0 ) q = 0.0 ; 273 if( q < 0.0 ) q = 0.0 ;
265 274
266 G4double sLocal = 7.6 - std::log(std::max 275 G4double sLocal = 7.6 - std::log(std::max(1.0, reducedEnergy/keV)) ;
267 sLocal = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z ) * G4E 276 sLocal = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z ) * G4Exp( -sLocal*sLocal )/ (ionCharge*ionCharge) ;
268 277
269 // Screen length according to 278 // Screen length according to
270 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stoppi 279 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
271 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 ( 280 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
272 281
273 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF * std::pow(1.0 282 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF * std::pow(1.0-q, 0.6667) / (z13 * (6.0 + q)) ;
274 G4double qeff = ionCharge * sLocal * 283 G4double qeff = ionCharge * sLocal *
275 ( q + 0.5*(1.0-q) * std::log(1.0 + lambd << 284 ( q + 0.5*(1.0-q) * std::log(1.0 + lambda*lambda) / (vF*vF) ) ;
276 if( 0.1 > qeff ) qeff = 0.1 ; 285 if( 0.1 > qeff ) qeff = 0.1 ;
277 return qeff*qeff ; 286 return qeff*qeff ;
278 } 287 }
279 } 288 }
280 289