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Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * 16 // * for the full disclaimer and the limitatio 16 // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * 17 // * 17 // * * 18 // * This code implementation is the result 18 // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * 19 // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboratio 19 // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * 20 // * By using, copying, modifying or distri 20 // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * 21 // * any work based on the software) you ag 21 // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * 22 // * use in resulting scientific publicati 22 // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * 23 // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Sof 23 // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * 24 // ******************************************* 24 // ******************************************************************** 25 // 25 // >> 26 // $Id$ 26 // 27 // 27 // Author: Luciano Pandola 28 // Author: Luciano Pandola 28 // 29 // 29 // History: 30 // History: 30 // -------- 31 // -------- 31 // 29 Oct 2008 L Pandola Migration from p 32 // 29 Oct 2008 L Pandola Migration from process to model 32 // 15 Apr 2009 V Ivanchenko Cleanup initiali << 33 // 15 Apr 2009 V Ivanchenko Cleanup initialisation and generation of secondaries: 33 // secondaries: << 34 // - apply internal high-ener 34 // - apply internal high-energy limit only in constructor 35 // - do not apply low-energy 35 // - do not apply low-energy limit (default is 0) 36 // - do not use G4ElementSele 36 // - do not use G4ElementSelector 37 // 02 Oct 2013 L.Pandola Migration to MT << 38 37 39 #include "G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel.hh" 38 #include "G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel.hh" 40 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" 39 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" 41 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 40 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 42 #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh" 41 #include "G4ParticleDefinition.hh" 43 #include "G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh" 42 #include "G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh" 44 #include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh" 43 #include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh" 45 #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh" 44 #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh" 46 #include "G4Gamma.hh" 45 #include "G4Gamma.hh" 47 46 48 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 47 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 49 48 50 G4double G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::fPielr2 << 51 49 52 G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::G4PenelopeAnnihil << 50 G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel(const G4ParticleDefinition*, 53 c 51 const G4String& nam) 54 :G4VEmModel(nam),fParticleChange(nullptr),fP << 52 :G4VEmModel(nam),fParticleChange(0),isInitialised(false) 55 { 53 { 56 fIntrinsicLowEnergyLimit = 0.0; 54 fIntrinsicLowEnergyLimit = 0.0; 57 fIntrinsicHighEnergyLimit = 100.0*GeV; 55 fIntrinsicHighEnergyLimit = 100.0*GeV; >> 56 // SetLowEnergyLimit(fIntrinsicLowEnergyLimit); 58 SetHighEnergyLimit(fIntrinsicHighEnergyLimit 57 SetHighEnergyLimit(fIntrinsicHighEnergyLimit); 59 << 58 60 if (part) << 61 SetParticle(part); << 62 << 63 //Calculate variable that will be used later 59 //Calculate variable that will be used later on 64 fPielr2 = pi*classic_electr_radius*classic_e 60 fPielr2 = pi*classic_electr_radius*classic_electr_radius; 65 61 66 fVerboseLevel= 0; << 62 verboseLevel= 0; 67 // Verbosity scale: 63 // Verbosity scale: 68 // 0 = nothing 64 // 0 = nothing 69 // 1 = warning for energy non-conservation 65 // 1 = warning for energy non-conservation 70 // 2 = details of energy budget 66 // 2 = details of energy budget 71 // 3 = calculation of cross sections, file o 67 // 3 = calculation of cross sections, file openings, sampling of atoms 72 // 4 = entering in methods 68 // 4 = entering in methods >> 69 73 } 70 } 74 71 75 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 72 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 76 73 77 G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::~G4PenelopeAnnihi 74 G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::~G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel() 78 {;} 75 {;} 79 76 80 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 77 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 81 78 82 void G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::Initialise(c << 79 void G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition*, 83 const G4DataVector&) 80 const G4DataVector&) 84 { 81 { 85 if (fVerboseLevel > 3) << 82 if (verboseLevel > 3) 86 G4cout << "Calling G4PenelopeAnnihilationM 83 G4cout << "Calling G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::Initialise()" << G4endl; 87 SetParticle(part); << 88 << 89 if (IsMaster() && part == fParticle) << 90 { << 91 84 92 if(fVerboseLevel > 0) { << 85 if(verboseLevel > 0) { 93 G4cout << "Penelope Annihilation model is in << 86 G4cout << "Penelope Annihilation model is initialized " << G4endl 94 << "Energy range: " << 87 << "Energy range: " 95 << LowEnergyLimit() / keV << " keV - << 88 << LowEnergyLimit() / keV << " keV - " 96 << HighEnergyLimit() / GeV << " GeV" << 89 << HighEnergyLimit() / GeV << " GeV" 97 << G4endl; << 90 << G4endl; 98 } << 91 } 99 } << 100 92 101 if(fIsInitialised) return; << 93 if(isInitialised) return; 102 fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForGamma( 94 fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForGamma(); 103 fIsInitialised = true; << 95 isInitialised = true; 104 } << 105 << 106 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo << 107 void G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::InitialiseLo << 108 G4VEmModel* masterModel) << 109 { << 110 if (fVerboseLevel > 3) << 111 G4cout << "Calling G4PenelopeAnnihilationM << 112 << 113 // << 114 //Check that particle matches: one might hav << 115 //for e+ and e-). << 116 // << 117 if (part == fParticle) << 118 { << 119 //Get the const table pointers from the << 120 const G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel* theMo << 121 static_cast<G4PenelopeAnnihilationMode << 122 << 123 //Same verbosity for all workers, as the << 124 fVerboseLevel = theModel->fVerboseLevel; << 125 } << 126 } 96 } 127 97 128 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 98 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 129 99 130 G4double G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::ComputeC 100 G4double G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom( 131 const G 101 const G4ParticleDefinition*, 132 G 102 G4double energy, 133 G 103 G4double Z, G4double, 134 G 104 G4double, G4double) 135 { 105 { 136 if (fVerboseLevel > 3) << 106 if (verboseLevel > 3) 137 G4cout << "Calling ComputeCrossSectionPerA 107 G4cout << "Calling ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom() of G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel" << 138 G4endl; 108 G4endl; 139 109 140 G4double cs = Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectr 110 G4double cs = Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(energy); 141 111 142 if (fVerboseLevel > 2) << 112 if (verboseLevel > 2) 143 G4cout << "Annihilation cross Section at " 113 G4cout << "Annihilation cross Section at " << energy/keV << " keV for Z=" << Z << 144 " = " << cs/barn << " barn" << G4endl; 114 " = " << cs/barn << " barn" << G4endl; 145 return cs; 115 return cs; 146 } 116 } 147 117 148 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 118 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 149 119 150 void G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::SampleSecond 120 void G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* fvect, 151 const G4MaterialCutsCouple*, 121 const G4MaterialCutsCouple*, 152 const G4DynamicParticle* aDyna 122 const G4DynamicParticle* aDynamicPositron, 153 G4double, 123 G4double, 154 G4double) 124 G4double) 155 { 125 { 156 // 126 // 157 // Penelope model to sample final state for 127 // Penelope model to sample final state for positron annihilation. 158 // Target eletrons are assumed to be free an 128 // Target eletrons are assumed to be free and at rest. Binding effects enabling 159 // one-photon annihilation are neglected. 129 // one-photon annihilation are neglected. 160 // For annihilation at rest, two back-to-bac 130 // For annihilation at rest, two back-to-back photons are emitted, having energy of 511 keV 161 // and isotropic angular distribution. 131 // and isotropic angular distribution. 162 // For annihilation in flight, it is used th 132 // For annihilation in flight, it is used the theory from 163 // W. Heitler, The quantum theory of radiat 133 // W. Heitler, The quantum theory of radiation, Oxford University Press (1954) 164 // The two photons can have different energy 134 // The two photons can have different energy. The efficiency of the sampling algorithm 165 // of the photon energy from the dSigma/dE d 135 // of the photon energy from the dSigma/dE distribution is practically 100% for 166 // positrons of kinetic energy < 10 keV. It 136 // positrons of kinetic energy < 10 keV. It reaches a minimum (about 80%) at energy 167 // of about 10 MeV. 137 // of about 10 MeV. 168 // The angle theta is kinematically linked t 138 // The angle theta is kinematically linked to the photon energy, to ensure momentum 169 // conservation. The angle phi is sampled is 139 // conservation. The angle phi is sampled isotropically for the first gamma. 170 // 140 // 171 if (fVerboseLevel > 3) << 141 if (verboseLevel > 3) 172 G4cout << "Calling SamplingSecondaries() o 142 G4cout << "Calling SamplingSecondaries() of G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel" << G4endl; 173 143 174 G4double kineticEnergy = aDynamicPositron->G 144 G4double kineticEnergy = aDynamicPositron->GetKineticEnergy(); 175 145 176 // kill primary 146 // kill primary 177 fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(0. 147 fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(0.); 178 fParticleChange->ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAnd 148 fParticleChange->ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill); 179 149 180 if (kineticEnergy == 0.0) 150 if (kineticEnergy == 0.0) 181 { 151 { 182 //Old AtRestDoIt 152 //Old AtRestDoIt 183 G4double cosTheta = -1.0+2.0*G4UniformRa 153 G4double cosTheta = -1.0+2.0*G4UniformRand(); 184 G4double sinTheta = std::sqrt(1.0-cosThe 154 G4double sinTheta = std::sqrt(1.0-cosTheta*cosTheta); 185 G4double phi = twopi*G4UniformRand(); 155 G4double phi = twopi*G4UniformRand(); 186 G4ThreeVector direction (sinTheta*std::c 156 G4ThreeVector direction (sinTheta*std::cos(phi),sinTheta*std::sin(phi),cosTheta); 187 G4DynamicParticle* firstGamma = new G4Dy 157 G4DynamicParticle* firstGamma = new G4DynamicParticle (G4Gamma::Gamma(), 188 direction, electron_mass_c2 158 direction, electron_mass_c2); 189 G4DynamicParticle* secondGamma = new G4D 159 G4DynamicParticle* secondGamma = new G4DynamicParticle (G4Gamma::Gamma(), 190 -direction, electron_mass_ 160 -direction, electron_mass_c2); 191 161 192 fvect->push_back(firstGamma); 162 fvect->push_back(firstGamma); 193 fvect->push_back(secondGamma); 163 fvect->push_back(secondGamma); 194 return; 164 return; 195 } 165 } 196 166 197 //This is the "PostStep" case (annihilation 167 //This is the "PostStep" case (annihilation in flight) 198 G4ParticleMomentum positronDirection = 168 G4ParticleMomentum positronDirection = 199 aDynamicPositron->GetMomentumDirection(); 169 aDynamicPositron->GetMomentumDirection(); 200 G4double gamma = 1.0 + std::max(kineticEnerg 170 G4double gamma = 1.0 + std::max(kineticEnergy,1.0*eV)/electron_mass_c2; 201 G4double gamma21 = std::sqrt(gamma*gamma-1); 171 G4double gamma21 = std::sqrt(gamma*gamma-1); 202 G4double ani = 1.0+gamma; 172 G4double ani = 1.0+gamma; 203 G4double chimin = 1.0/(ani+gamma21); 173 G4double chimin = 1.0/(ani+gamma21); 204 G4double rchi = (1.0-chimin)/chimin; 174 G4double rchi = (1.0-chimin)/chimin; 205 G4double gt0 = ani*ani-2.0; 175 G4double gt0 = ani*ani-2.0; 206 G4double test=0.0; 176 G4double test=0.0; 207 G4double epsilon = 0; 177 G4double epsilon = 0; 208 do{ 178 do{ 209 epsilon = chimin*std::pow(rchi,G4UniformRa 179 epsilon = chimin*std::pow(rchi,G4UniformRand()); 210 G4double reject = ani*ani*(1.0-epsilon)+2. 180 G4double reject = ani*ani*(1.0-epsilon)+2.0*gamma-(1.0/epsilon); 211 test = G4UniformRand()*gt0-reject; 181 test = G4UniformRand()*gt0-reject; 212 }while(test>0); 182 }while(test>0); 213 183 214 G4double totalAvailableEnergy = kineticEnerg 184 G4double totalAvailableEnergy = kineticEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2; 215 G4double photon1Energy = epsilon*totalAvaila 185 G4double photon1Energy = epsilon*totalAvailableEnergy; 216 G4double photon2Energy = (1.0-epsilon)*total 186 G4double photon2Energy = (1.0-epsilon)*totalAvailableEnergy; 217 G4double cosTheta1 = (ani-1.0/epsilon)/gamma 187 G4double cosTheta1 = (ani-1.0/epsilon)/gamma21; 218 G4double cosTheta2 = (ani-1.0/(1.0-epsilon)) 188 G4double cosTheta2 = (ani-1.0/(1.0-epsilon))/gamma21; 219 189 >> 190 //G4double localEnergyDeposit = 0.; >> 191 220 G4double sinTheta1 = std::sqrt(1.-cosTheta1* 192 G4double sinTheta1 = std::sqrt(1.-cosTheta1*cosTheta1); 221 G4double phi1 = twopi * G4UniformRand(); 193 G4double phi1 = twopi * G4UniformRand(); 222 G4double dirx1 = sinTheta1 * std::cos(phi1); 194 G4double dirx1 = sinTheta1 * std::cos(phi1); 223 G4double diry1 = sinTheta1 * std::sin(phi1); 195 G4double diry1 = sinTheta1 * std::sin(phi1); 224 G4double dirz1 = cosTheta1; 196 G4double dirz1 = cosTheta1; 225 197 226 G4double sinTheta2 = std::sqrt(1.-cosTheta2* 198 G4double sinTheta2 = std::sqrt(1.-cosTheta2*cosTheta2); 227 G4double phi2 = phi1+pi; 199 G4double phi2 = phi1+pi; 228 G4double dirx2 = sinTheta2 * std::cos(phi2); 200 G4double dirx2 = sinTheta2 * std::cos(phi2); 229 G4double diry2 = sinTheta2 * std::sin(phi2); 201 G4double diry2 = sinTheta2 * std::sin(phi2); 230 G4double dirz2 = cosTheta2; 202 G4double dirz2 = cosTheta2; 231 203 232 G4ThreeVector photon1Direction (dirx1,diry1, 204 G4ThreeVector photon1Direction (dirx1,diry1,dirz1); 233 photon1Direction.rotateUz(positronDirection) 205 photon1Direction.rotateUz(positronDirection); 234 // create G4DynamicParticle object for the p 206 // create G4DynamicParticle object for the particle1 235 G4DynamicParticle* aParticle1= new G4Dynamic 207 G4DynamicParticle* aParticle1= new G4DynamicParticle (G4Gamma::Gamma(), 236 photon1Direction, 208 photon1Direction, 237 photon1Energy); 209 photon1Energy); 238 fvect->push_back(aParticle1); 210 fvect->push_back(aParticle1); 239 211 240 G4ThreeVector photon2Direction(dirx2,diry2,d 212 G4ThreeVector photon2Direction(dirx2,diry2,dirz2); 241 photon2Direction.rotateUz(positronDirection) 213 photon2Direction.rotateUz(positronDirection); 242 // create G4DynamicParticle object for the p << 214 // create G4DynamicParticle object for the particle2 243 G4DynamicParticle* aParticle2= new G4Dynamic 215 G4DynamicParticle* aParticle2= new G4DynamicParticle (G4Gamma::Gamma(), 244 photon2Direction, 216 photon2Direction, 245 photon2Energy); 217 photon2Energy); 246 fvect->push_back(aParticle2); 218 fvect->push_back(aParticle2); 247 219 248 if (fVerboseLevel > 1) << 220 if (verboseLevel > 1) 249 { 221 { 250 G4cout << "----------------------------- 222 G4cout << "-----------------------------------------------------------" << G4endl; 251 G4cout << "Energy balance from G4Penelop 223 G4cout << "Energy balance from G4PenelopeAnnihilation" << G4endl; 252 G4cout << "Kinetic positron energy: " << 224 G4cout << "Kinetic positron energy: " << kineticEnergy/keV << " keV" << G4endl; 253 G4cout << "Total available energy: " << 225 G4cout << "Total available energy: " << totalAvailableEnergy/keV << " keV " << G4endl; 254 G4cout << "----------------------------- 226 G4cout << "-----------------------------------------------------------" << G4endl; 255 G4cout << "Photon energy 1: " << photon1 227 G4cout << "Photon energy 1: " << photon1Energy/keV << " keV" << G4endl; 256 G4cout << "Photon energy 2: " << photon2 228 G4cout << "Photon energy 2: " << photon2Energy/keV << " keV" << G4endl; 257 G4cout << "Total final state: " << (phot 229 G4cout << "Total final state: " << (photon1Energy+photon2Energy)/keV << 258 " keV" << G4endl; 230 " keV" << G4endl; 259 G4cout << "----------------------------- 231 G4cout << "-----------------------------------------------------------" << G4endl; 260 } 232 } 261 if (fVerboseLevel > 0) << 233 if (verboseLevel > 0) 262 { 234 { 263 G4double energyDiff = std::fabs(totalAva 235 G4double energyDiff = std::fabs(totalAvailableEnergy-photon1Energy-photon2Energy); 264 if (energyDiff > 0.05*keV) 236 if (energyDiff > 0.05*keV) 265 G4cout << "Warning from G4PenelopeAnnihilati 237 G4cout << "Warning from G4PenelopeAnnihilation: problem with energy conservation: " << 266 (photon1Energy+photon2Energy)/keV << 238 (photon1Energy+photon2Energy)/keV << 267 " keV (final) vs. " << 239 " keV (final) vs. " << 268 totalAvailableEnergy/keV << " keV (initial 240 totalAvailableEnergy/keV << " keV (initial)" << G4endl; 269 } 241 } 270 return; 242 return; 271 } 243 } 272 244 273 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 245 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 274 246 275 G4double G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel:: Compute 247 G4double G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel:: ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(G4double energy) 276 { 248 { 277 // 249 // 278 // Penelope model to calculate cross section 250 // Penelope model to calculate cross section for positron annihilation. 279 // The annihilation cross section per electr 251 // The annihilation cross section per electron is calculated according 280 // to the Heitler formula 252 // to the Heitler formula 281 // W. Heitler, The quantum theory of radiat 253 // W. Heitler, The quantum theory of radiation, Oxford University Press (1954) 282 // in the assumptions of electrons free and 254 // in the assumptions of electrons free and at rest. 283 // 255 // 284 G4double gamma = 1.0+std::max(energy,1.0*eV) 256 G4double gamma = 1.0+std::max(energy,1.0*eV)/electron_mass_c2; 285 G4double gamma2 = gamma*gamma; 257 G4double gamma2 = gamma*gamma; 286 G4double f2 = gamma2-1.0; 258 G4double f2 = gamma2-1.0; 287 G4double f1 = std::sqrt(f2); 259 G4double f1 = std::sqrt(f2); 288 G4double crossSection = fPielr2*((gamma2+4.0 << 260 G4double crossSection = fPielr2*((gamma2+4.0*gamma+1.0)*std::log(gamma+f1)/f2 289 - (gamma+3.0)/f1)/(gamma+1.0); 261 - (gamma+3.0)/f1)/(gamma+1.0); 290 return crossSection; 262 return crossSection; 291 } << 292 << 293 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo << 294 << 295 void G4PenelopeAnnihilationModel::SetParticle( << 296 { << 297 if(!fParticle) { << 298 fParticle = p; << 299 } << 300 } 263 } 301 264