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25 // 25 //
26 // 26 //
27 // G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.cc, 2011/08/29 27 // G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.cc, 2011/08/29 A.Valentin, M. Raine are with CEA [a]
28 // 2020/05/20 P. Caro 28 // 2020/05/20 P. Caron, C. Inguimbert are with ONERA [b]
29 // Q. Gibaru is with CEA [a] 29 // Q. Gibaru is with CEA [a], ONERA [b] and CNES [c]
30 // M. Raine and D. Lambert 30 // M. Raine and D. Lambert are with CEA [a]
31 // 31 //
32 // A part of this work has been funded by the 32 // A part of this work has been funded by the French space agency(CNES[c])
33 // [a] CEA, DAM, DIF - 91297 ARPAJON, France 33 // [a] CEA, DAM, DIF - 91297 ARPAJON, France
34 // [b] ONERA - DPHY, 2 avenue E.Belin, 31055 T 34 // [b] ONERA - DPHY, 2 avenue E.Belin, 31055 Toulouse, France
35 // [c] CNES, 18 av.E.Belin, 31401 Toulouse CED 35 // [c] CNES, 18 av.E.Belin, 31401 Toulouse CEDEX, France
36 // 36 //
37 // Based on the following publications 37 // Based on the following publications
38 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, 38 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine,
39 // Inelastic cross-sections of low energy e 39 // Inelastic cross-sections of low energy electrons in silicon
40 // for the simulation of heavy ion trac 40 // for the simulation of heavy ion tracks with the Geant4-DNA toolkit,
41 // NSS Conf. Record 2010, pp. 80-85 41 // NSS Conf. Record 2010, pp. 80-85
42 // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC. 42 // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873720
43 // 43 //
44 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, M.Gaillardin, 44 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, M.Gaillardin, P.Paillet
45 // Geant4 physics processes for microdo 45 // Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation:
46 // very low energy electromagnetic mode 46 // very low energy electromagnetic models for electrons in Silicon,
47 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 47 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.06.007
48 // NIM B, vol. 288, pp. 66-73, 2012, pa 48 // NIM B, vol. 288, pp. 66-73, 2012, part A
49 // heavy ions in Si, NIM B, vol. 287, p 49 // heavy ions in Si, NIM B, vol. 287, pp. 124-129, 2012, part B
50 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 50 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.028
51 // 51 //
52 // - M. Raine, M. Gaillardin, P. Paillet 52 // - M. Raine, M. Gaillardin, P. Paillet
53 // Geant4 physics processes for silicon 53 // Geant4 physics processes for silicon microdosimetry simulation:
54 // Improvements and extension of the en 54 // Improvements and extension of the energy-range validity up to 10 GeV/nucleon
55 // NIM B, vol. 325, pp. 97-100, 2014 55 // NIM B, vol. 325, pp. 97-100, 2014
56 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 56 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.01.014
57 // 57 //
58 // - J. Pierron, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj 58 // - J. Pierron, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj, T. Gineste, J. Puech, M. Raine
59 // Electron emission yield for low ener 59 // Electron emission yield for low energy electrons:
60 // Monte Carlo simulation and experimen 60 // Monte Carlo simulation and experimental comparison for Al, Ag, and Si
61 // Journal of Applied Physics 121 (2017 61 // Journal of Applied Physics 121 (2017) 215107.
62 // https://doi.org/10.1063/1.498 62 // https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984761
63 // 63 //
64 // - P. Caron, 64 // - P. Caron,
65 // Study of Electron-Induced Single-Eve 65 // Study of Electron-Induced Single-Event Upset in Integrated Memory Devices
66 // PHD, 16th October 2019 66 // PHD, 16th October 2019
67 // 67 //
68 // - Q.Gibaru, C.Inguimbert, P.Caron, M.Raine 68 // - Q.Gibaru, C.Inguimbert, P.Caron, M.Raine, D.Lambert, J.Puech,
69 // Geant4 physics processes for microdo 69 // Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry and secondary electron emission simulation :
70 // Extension of MicroElec to very low e 70 // Extension of MicroElec to very low energies and new materials
71 // NIM B, 2020, in review. 71 // NIM B, 2020, in review.
72 // 72 //
73 // 73 //
74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
75 75
76 #include "G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.hh" 76 #include "G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.hh"
77 #include "G4EnvironmentUtils.hh" 77 #include "G4EnvironmentUtils.hh"
78 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 78 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
79 79
80 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 80 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
81 81
82 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::G4MicroElecMater 82 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::G4MicroElecMaterialStructure(const G4String& matName)
83 { 83 {
84 materialName = matName; 84 materialName = matName;
85 if (matName == "Vacuum" || matName == "uum") 85 if (matName == "Vacuum" || matName == "uum") {
86 workFunction = 0; 86 workFunction = 0;
87 initialEnergy = 0; 87 initialEnergy = 0;
88 } 88 }
89 else { 89 else {
90 ReadMaterialFile(); 90 ReadMaterialFile();
91 } 91 }
92 nLevels = (G4int)energyConstant.size(); 92 nLevels = (G4int)energyConstant.size();
93 } 93 }
94 94
95 95
96 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 96 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
97 void G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMateria 97 void G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMaterialFile()
98 { 98 {
99 const char* path = G4FindDataDir("G4LEDATA") 99 const char* path = G4FindDataDir("G4LEDATA");
100 100
101 if (materialName[0] == 'G' && materialName[1 101 if (materialName[0] == 'G' && materialName[1] == '4') {
102 //in the case the NIST database is used 102 //in the case the NIST database is used
103 materialName.erase(0, 1); 103 materialName.erase(0, 1);
104 materialName.erase(0, 1); 104 materialName.erase(0, 1);
105 materialName.erase(0, 1); 105 materialName.erase(0, 1);
106 } 106 }
107 107
108 std::ostringstream fileName; 108 std::ostringstream fileName;
109 fileName << path << "/microelec/Structure/Da 109 fileName << path << "/microelec/Structure/Data_" + materialName + ".dat";
110 std::ifstream fichier(fileName.str().c_str() 110 std::ifstream fichier(fileName.str().c_str());
111 111
112 int varLength = 0; 112 int varLength = 0;
113 G4String nameParameter; 113 G4String nameParameter;
114 114
115 G4String unitName; 115 G4String unitName;
116 G4double unitValue; 116 G4double unitValue;
117 G4double data; 117 G4double data;
118 G4String filler; 118 G4String filler;
119 G4String type; 119 G4String type;
120 120
121 if (fichier) 121 if (fichier)
122 { 122 {
123 fichier >> filler >> type; 123 fichier >> filler >> type;
124 materialName = filler; 124 materialName = filler;
125 if (type == "Compound") {isCompound = tr 125 if (type == "Compound") {isCompound = true; Z = 0; }
126 else { isCompound = false; Z = std::stoi 126 else { isCompound = false; Z = std::stoi(type); }
127 while(!fichier.eof()) { 127 while(!fichier.eof()) {
128 128
129 getline(fichier, filler); 129 getline(fichier, filler);
130 std::stringstream line(filler); 130 std::stringstream line(filler);
131 131
132 if (filler[0] == '#' || filler.empty()) {con 132 if (filler[0] == '#' || filler.empty()) {continue;}
133 133
134 line >> varLength; 134 line >> varLength;
135 line >> nameParameter; 135 line >> nameParameter;
136 line >> unitName; 136 line >> unitName;
137 unitValue = ConvertUnit(unitName); 137 unitValue = ConvertUnit(unitName);
138 138
139 for (int i = 0; i < varLength; i++) 139 for (int i = 0; i < varLength; i++)
140 { 140 {
141 line >> data; data = data*unitValue; 141 line >> data; data = data*unitValue;
142 142
143 if(nameParameter == "WorkFunction") 143 if(nameParameter == "WorkFunction")
144 { 144 {
145 workFunction = data; 145 workFunction = data;
146 } 146 }
147 if(nameParameter == "EnergyGap") 147 if(nameParameter == "EnergyGap")
148 { 148 {
149 energyGap = data; 149 energyGap = data;
150 } 150 }
151 151
152 if(nameParameter == "EnergyPeak") 152 if(nameParameter == "EnergyPeak")
153 { 153 {
154 energyConstant.push_back(data); 154 energyConstant.push_back(data);
155 } 155 }
156 if(nameParameter == "EnergyLimit") 156 if(nameParameter == "EnergyLimit")
157 { 157 {
158 LimitEnergy.push_back(data); 158 LimitEnergy.push_back(data);
159 } 159 }
160 if(nameParameter == "EADL") 160 if(nameParameter == "EADL")
161 { 161 {
162 EADL_Enumerator.push_back(data); 162 EADL_Enumerator.push_back(data);
163 } 163 }
164 164
165 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundShell") 165 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundShell")
166 {if (data == 0) { isShellWeaklyBoundVe 166 {if (data == 0) { isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(false); }
167 else {isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(t 167 else {isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(true);}}
168 168
169 if(nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundInitia 169 if(nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundInitialEnergy")
170 { 170 {
171 initialEnergy = data; 171 initialEnergy = data;
172 } 172 }
173 173
174 if(nameParameter == "ShellAtomicNumber 174 if(nameParameter == "ShellAtomicNumber")
175 { 175 {
176 compoundShellZ.push_back(data); 176 compoundShellZ.push_back(data);
177 } 177 }
178 178
179 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLo 179 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLowEnergyLimit_e")
180 { 180 {
181 flimitInelastic[0] = data; 181 flimitInelastic[0] = data;
182 } 182 }
183 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHi 183 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHighEnergyLimit_e")
184 { 184 {
185 flimitInelastic[1] = data; 185 flimitInelastic[1] = data;
186 } 186 }
187 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLo 187 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLowEnergyLimit_p")
188 { 188 {
189 flimitInelastic[2] = data; 189 flimitInelastic[2] = data;
190 } 190 }
191 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHi 191 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHighEnergyLimit_p")
192 { 192 {
193 flimitInelastic[3] = data; 193 flimitInelastic[3] = data;
194 } 194 }
195 195
196 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelLowEn 196 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelLowEnergyLimit")
197 { 197 {
198 flimitElastic[0] = data; 198 flimitElastic[0] = data;
199 } 199 }
200 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelHighE 200 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelHighEnergyLimit")
201 { 201 {
202 flimitElastic[1] = data; 202 flimitElastic[1] = data;
203 } 203 }
204 } 204 }
205 } 205 }
206 fichier.close(); // on ferme le fichier 206 fichier.close(); // on ferme le fichier
207 } 207 }
208 else { 208 else {
209 G4String str = "file "; 209 G4String str = "file ";
210 str += fileName.str() + " not found!"; 210 str += fileName.str() + " not found!";
211 G4Exception("G4MicroElecMaterialStructure: 211 G4Exception("G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMaterialFile", "em0002", FatalException, str);
212 } 212 }
213 } 213 }
214 214
215 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 215 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
216 216
217 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Energy( 217 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Energy(G4int level)
218 { 218 {
219 return (level >= 0 && level < nLevels) ? ene 219 return (level >= 0 && level < nLevels) ? energyConstant[level] : 0.0;
220 } 220 }
221 221
222 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 222 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
223 223
224 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetZ(G4 224 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetZ(G4int Shell)
225 { 225 {
226 if (Shell >= 0 && Shell < nLevels) { 226 if (Shell >= 0 && Shell < nLevels) {
227 if(!isCompound) 227 if(!isCompound)
228 { 228 {
229 return Z; 229 return Z;
230 } 230 }
231 else 231 else
232 { 232 {
233 return compoundShellZ[Shell]; 233 return compoundShellZ[Shell];
234 } 234 }
235 } 235 }
236 else 236 else
237 { 237 {
238 return 0; 238 return 0;
239 } 239 }
240 } 240 }
241 241
242 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 242 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
243 243
244 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Convert 244 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ConvertUnit(const G4String& unitName)
245 { 245 {
246 G4double unitValue = 0; 246 G4double unitValue = 0;
247 if(unitName == "meV") 247 if(unitName == "meV")
248 { 248 {
249 unitValue = 1e-3 * CLHEP::eV; 249 unitValue = 1e-3 * CLHEP::eV;
250 } 250 }
251 else if(unitName == "eV") 251 else if(unitName == "eV")
252 { 252 {
253 unitValue = CLHEP::eV; 253 unitValue = CLHEP::eV;
254 } 254 }
255 else if(unitName == "keV") 255 else if(unitName == "keV")
256 { 256 {
257 unitValue = CLHEP::keV; 257 unitValue = CLHEP::keV;
258 } 258 }
259 else if(unitName == "MeV") 259 else if(unitName == "MeV")
260 { 260 {
261 unitValue = CLHEP::MeV; 261 unitValue = CLHEP::MeV;
262 } 262 }
263 else if(unitName == "noUnit") 263 else if(unitName == "noUnit")
264 { 264 {
265 unitValue = 1; 265 unitValue = 1;
266 } 266 }
267 267
268 return unitValue; 268 return unitValue;
269 } 269 }
270 270
271 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 271 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
272 272
273 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetLimi 273 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetLimitEnergy(G4int level)
274 { 274 {
275 G4double E = LimitEnergy[level]; 275 G4double E = LimitEnergy[level];
276 if (IsShellWeaklyBound(level)) { E = energyG 276 if (IsShellWeaklyBound(level)) { E = energyGap+ initialEnergy; }
277 return E; 277 return E;
278 } 278 }
279 279
280 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 280 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
281 281
282 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInel 282 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInelasticModelLowLimit(G4int pdg)
283 { 283 {
284 G4double res = 0.0; 284 G4double res = 0.0;
285 if(pdg == 11) 285 if(pdg == 11)
286 { 286 {
287 res = flimitInelastic[0]; 287 res = flimitInelastic[0];
288 } 288 }
289 else if(pdg == 2212) 289 else if(pdg == 2212)
290 { 290 {
291 res = flimitInelastic[2]; 291 res = flimitInelastic[2];
292 } 292 }
293 return res; 293 return res;
294 } 294 }
295 295
296 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 296 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
297 297
298 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInel 298 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInelasticModelHighLimit(G4int pdg)
299 { 299 {
300 G4double res = 0.0; 300 G4double res = 0.0;
301 if(pdg == 11) 301 if(pdg == 11)
302 { 302 {
303 res = flimitInelastic[1]; 303 res = flimitInelastic[1];
304 } 304 }
305 else if(pdg == 2212) 305 else if(pdg == 2212)
306 { 306 {
307 res = flimitInelastic[3]; 307 res = flimitInelastic[3];
308 } 308 }
309 return res; 309 return res;
310 } 310 }
311 311
312 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 312 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
313 313
314 G4bool G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::IsShellWe 314 G4bool G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::IsShellWeaklyBound(G4int level)
315 { 315 {
316 return isShellWeaklyBoundVector[level]; 316 return isShellWeaklyBoundVector[level];
317 } 317 }
318 318
319 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 319 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
320 320
321 321