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25 // 25 //
26 // 26 //
27 // G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.cc, 2011/08/29 27 // G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.cc, 2011/08/29 A.Valentin, M. Raine are with CEA [a]
28 // 2020/05/20 P. Caro 28 // 2020/05/20 P. Caron, C. Inguimbert are with ONERA [b]
29 // Q. Gibaru is with CEA [a] 29 // Q. Gibaru is with CEA [a], ONERA [b] and CNES [c]
30 // M. Raine and D. Lambert 30 // M. Raine and D. Lambert are with CEA [a]
31 // 31 //
32 // A part of this work has been funded by the 32 // A part of this work has been funded by the French space agency(CNES[c])
33 // [a] CEA, DAM, DIF - 91297 ARPAJON, France 33 // [a] CEA, DAM, DIF - 91297 ARPAJON, France
34 // [b] ONERA - DPHY, 2 avenue E.Belin, 31055 T 34 // [b] ONERA - DPHY, 2 avenue E.Belin, 31055 Toulouse, France
35 // [c] CNES, 18 av.E.Belin, 31401 Toulouse CED 35 // [c] CNES, 18 av.E.Belin, 31401 Toulouse CEDEX, France
36 // 36 //
37 // Based on the following publications 37 // Based on the following publications
38 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, 38 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine,
39 // Inelastic cross-sections of low energy e 39 // Inelastic cross-sections of low energy electrons in silicon
40 // for the simulation of heavy ion trac 40 // for the simulation of heavy ion tracks with the Geant4-DNA toolkit,
41 // NSS Conf. Record 2010, pp. 80-85 41 // NSS Conf. Record 2010, pp. 80-85
42 // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC. 42 // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873720
43 // 43 //
44 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, M.Gaillardin, 44 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, M.Gaillardin, P.Paillet
45 // Geant4 physics processes for microdo 45 // Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation:
46 // very low energy electromagnetic mode 46 // very low energy electromagnetic models for electrons in Silicon,
47 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 47 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.06.007
48 // NIM B, vol. 288, pp. 66-73, 2012, pa 48 // NIM B, vol. 288, pp. 66-73, 2012, part A
49 // heavy ions in Si, NIM B, vol. 287, p 49 // heavy ions in Si, NIM B, vol. 287, pp. 124-129, 2012, part B
50 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 50 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.028
51 // 51 //
52 // - M. Raine, M. Gaillardin, P. Paillet 52 // - M. Raine, M. Gaillardin, P. Paillet
53 // Geant4 physics processes for silicon 53 // Geant4 physics processes for silicon microdosimetry simulation:
54 // Improvements and extension of the en 54 // Improvements and extension of the energy-range validity up to 10 GeV/nucleon
55 // NIM B, vol. 325, pp. 97-100, 2014 55 // NIM B, vol. 325, pp. 97-100, 2014
56 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 56 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.01.014
57 // 57 //
58 // - J. Pierron, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj 58 // - J. Pierron, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj, T. Gineste, J. Puech, M. Raine
59 // Electron emission yield for low ener 59 // Electron emission yield for low energy electrons:
60 // Monte Carlo simulation and experimen 60 // Monte Carlo simulation and experimental comparison for Al, Ag, and Si
61 // Journal of Applied Physics 121 (2017 61 // Journal of Applied Physics 121 (2017) 215107.
62 // https://doi.org/10.1063/1.498 62 // https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984761
63 // 63 //
64 // - P. Caron, 64 // - P. Caron,
65 // Study of Electron-Induced Single-Eve 65 // Study of Electron-Induced Single-Event Upset in Integrated Memory Devices
66 // PHD, 16th October 2019 66 // PHD, 16th October 2019
67 // 67 //
68 // - Q.Gibaru, C.Inguimbert, P.Caron, M.Raine 68 // - Q.Gibaru, C.Inguimbert, P.Caron, M.Raine, D.Lambert, J.Puech,
69 // Geant4 physics processes for microdo 69 // Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry and secondary electron emission simulation :
70 // Extension of MicroElec to very low e 70 // Extension of MicroElec to very low energies and new materials
71 // NIM B, 2020, in review. 71 // NIM B, 2020, in review.
72 // 72 //
73 // 73 //
74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
75 75
76 #include "G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.hh" 76 #include "G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.hh"
77 #include "G4EnvironmentUtils.hh" <<
78 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 77 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
79 78
80 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 79 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
81 80
82 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::G4MicroElecMater 81 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::G4MicroElecMaterialStructure(const G4String& matName)
83 { 82 {
84 materialName = matName; 83 materialName = matName;
85 if (matName == "Vacuum" || matName == "uum") 84 if (matName == "Vacuum" || matName == "uum") {
86 workFunction = 0; 85 workFunction = 0;
87 initialEnergy = 0; 86 initialEnergy = 0;
88 } 87 }
89 else { 88 else {
90 ReadMaterialFile(); 89 ReadMaterialFile();
91 } 90 }
92 nLevels = (G4int)energyConstant.size(); 91 nLevels = (G4int)energyConstant.size();
93 } 92 }
94 93
95 <<
96 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 94 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
>> 95
97 void G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMateria 96 void G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMaterialFile()
98 { 97 {
99 const char* path = G4FindDataDir("G4LEDATA") 98 const char* path = G4FindDataDir("G4LEDATA");
100 99
101 if (materialName[0] == 'G' && materialName[1 100 if (materialName[0] == 'G' && materialName[1] == '4') {
102 //in the case the NIST database is used 101 //in the case the NIST database is used
103 materialName.erase(0, 1); 102 materialName.erase(0, 1);
104 materialName.erase(0, 1); 103 materialName.erase(0, 1);
105 materialName.erase(0, 1); 104 materialName.erase(0, 1);
106 } 105 }
107 106
108 std::ostringstream fileName; 107 std::ostringstream fileName;
109 fileName << path << "/microelec/Structure/Da 108 fileName << path << "/microelec/Structure/Data_" + materialName + ".dat";
110 std::ifstream fichier(fileName.str().c_str() 109 std::ifstream fichier(fileName.str().c_str());
111 110
112 int varLength = 0; 111 int varLength = 0;
113 G4String nameParameter; 112 G4String nameParameter;
114 113
115 G4String unitName; 114 G4String unitName;
116 G4double unitValue; 115 G4double unitValue;
117 G4double data; 116 G4double data;
118 G4String filler; 117 G4String filler;
119 G4String type; 118 G4String type;
120 119
121 if (fichier) 120 if (fichier)
122 { 121 {
123 fichier >> filler >> type; 122 fichier >> filler >> type;
124 materialName = filler; 123 materialName = filler;
125 if (type == "Compound") {isCompound = tr 124 if (type == "Compound") {isCompound = true; Z = 0; }
126 else { isCompound = false; Z = std::stoi 125 else { isCompound = false; Z = std::stoi(type); }
127 while(!fichier.eof()) { 126 while(!fichier.eof()) {
128 127
129 getline(fichier, filler); 128 getline(fichier, filler);
130 std::stringstream line(filler); 129 std::stringstream line(filler);
131 130
132 if (filler[0] == '#' || filler.empty()) {con 131 if (filler[0] == '#' || filler.empty()) {continue;}
133 132
134 line >> varLength; 133 line >> varLength;
135 line >> nameParameter; 134 line >> nameParameter;
136 line >> unitName; 135 line >> unitName;
137 unitValue = ConvertUnit(unitName); 136 unitValue = ConvertUnit(unitName);
138 137
139 for (int i = 0; i < varLength; i++) 138 for (int i = 0; i < varLength; i++)
140 { 139 {
141 line >> data; data = data*unitValue; 140 line >> data; data = data*unitValue;
142 141
143 if(nameParameter == "WorkFunction") 142 if(nameParameter == "WorkFunction")
144 { 143 {
145 workFunction = data; 144 workFunction = data;
146 } 145 }
147 if(nameParameter == "EnergyGap") 146 if(nameParameter == "EnergyGap")
148 { 147 {
149 energyGap = data; 148 energyGap = data;
150 } 149 }
151 150
152 if(nameParameter == "EnergyPeak") 151 if(nameParameter == "EnergyPeak")
153 { 152 {
154 energyConstant.push_back(data); 153 energyConstant.push_back(data);
155 } 154 }
156 if(nameParameter == "EnergyLimit") 155 if(nameParameter == "EnergyLimit")
157 { 156 {
158 LimitEnergy.push_back(data); 157 LimitEnergy.push_back(data);
159 } 158 }
160 if(nameParameter == "EADL") 159 if(nameParameter == "EADL")
161 { 160 {
162 EADL_Enumerator.push_back(data); 161 EADL_Enumerator.push_back(data);
163 } 162 }
164 163
165 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundShell") 164 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundShell")
166 {if (data == 0) { isShellWeaklyBoundVe 165 {if (data == 0) { isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(false); }
167 else {isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(t 166 else {isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(true);}}
168 167
169 if(nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundInitia 168 if(nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundInitialEnergy")
170 { 169 {
171 initialEnergy = data; 170 initialEnergy = data;
172 } 171 }
173 172
174 if(nameParameter == "ShellAtomicNumber 173 if(nameParameter == "ShellAtomicNumber")
175 { 174 {
176 compoundShellZ.push_back(data); 175 compoundShellZ.push_back(data);
177 } 176 }
178 177
179 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLo 178 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLowEnergyLimit_e")
180 { 179 {
181 flimitInelastic[0] = data; << 180 limitInelastic[0] = data;
182 } 181 }
183 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHi 182 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHighEnergyLimit_e")
184 { 183 {
185 flimitInelastic[1] = data; << 184 limitInelastic[1] = data;
186 } 185 }
187 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLo 186 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLowEnergyLimit_p")
188 { 187 {
189 flimitInelastic[2] = data; << 188 limitInelastic[2] = data;
190 } 189 }
191 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHi 190 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHighEnergyLimit_p")
192 { 191 {
193 flimitInelastic[3] = data; << 192 limitInelastic[3] = data;
194 } 193 }
195 194
196 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelLowEn 195 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelLowEnergyLimit")
197 { 196 {
198 flimitElastic[0] = data; << 197 limitElastic[0] = data;
199 } 198 }
200 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelHighE 199 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelHighEnergyLimit")
201 { 200 {
202 flimitElastic[1] = data; << 201 limitElastic[1] = data;
203 } 202 }
204 } 203 }
205 } 204 }
206 fichier.close(); // on ferme le fichier 205 fichier.close(); // on ferme le fichier
207 } 206 }
208 else { 207 else {
209 G4String str = "file "; 208 G4String str = "file ";
210 str += fileName.str() + " not found!"; 209 str += fileName.str() + " not found!";
211 G4Exception("G4MicroElecMaterialStructure: 210 G4Exception("G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMaterialFile", "em0002", FatalException, str);
212 } 211 }
213 } 212 }
214 213
215 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 214 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
216 215
217 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Energy( 216 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Energy(G4int level)
218 { 217 {
219 return (level >= 0 && level < nLevels) ? ene 218 return (level >= 0 && level < nLevels) ? energyConstant[level] : 0.0;
220 } 219 }
221 220
222 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 221 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
223 222
224 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetZ(G4 223 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetZ(G4int Shell)
225 { 224 {
226 if (Shell >= 0 && Shell < nLevels) { 225 if (Shell >= 0 && Shell < nLevels) {
227 if(!isCompound) 226 if(!isCompound)
228 { 227 {
229 return Z; 228 return Z;
230 } 229 }
231 else 230 else
232 { 231 {
233 return compoundShellZ[Shell]; 232 return compoundShellZ[Shell];
234 } 233 }
235 } 234 }
236 else 235 else
237 { 236 {
238 return 0; 237 return 0;
239 } 238 }
240 } 239 }
241 240
242 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 241 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
243 242
244 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Convert 243 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ConvertUnit(const G4String& unitName)
245 { 244 {
246 G4double unitValue = 0; 245 G4double unitValue = 0;
247 if(unitName == "meV") 246 if(unitName == "meV")
248 { 247 {
249 unitValue = 1e-3 * CLHEP::eV; 248 unitValue = 1e-3 * CLHEP::eV;
250 } 249 }
251 else if(unitName == "eV") 250 else if(unitName == "eV")
252 { 251 {
253 unitValue = CLHEP::eV; 252 unitValue = CLHEP::eV;
254 } 253 }
255 else if(unitName == "keV") 254 else if(unitName == "keV")
256 { 255 {
257 unitValue = CLHEP::keV; 256 unitValue = CLHEP::keV;
258 } 257 }
259 else if(unitName == "MeV") 258 else if(unitName == "MeV")
260 { 259 {
261 unitValue = CLHEP::MeV; 260 unitValue = CLHEP::MeV;
262 } 261 }
263 else if(unitName == "noUnit") 262 else if(unitName == "noUnit")
264 { 263 {
265 unitValue = 1; 264 unitValue = 1;
266 } 265 }
267 266
268 return unitValue; 267 return unitValue;
269 } 268 }
270 269
271 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 270 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
272 271
273 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetLimi 272 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetLimitEnergy(G4int level)
274 { 273 {
275 G4double E = LimitEnergy[level]; 274 G4double E = LimitEnergy[level];
276 if (IsShellWeaklyBound(level)) { E = energyG 275 if (IsShellWeaklyBound(level)) { E = energyGap+ initialEnergy; }
277 return E; 276 return E;
278 } 277 }
279 278
280 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 279 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
281 280
282 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInel 281 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInelasticModelLowLimit(G4int pdg)
283 { 282 {
284 G4double res = 0.0; 283 G4double res = 0.0;
285 if(pdg == 11) 284 if(pdg == 11)
286 { 285 {
287 res = flimitInelastic[0]; << 286 res = limitInelastic[0];
288 } 287 }
289 else if(pdg == 2212) 288 else if(pdg == 2212)
290 { 289 {
291 res = flimitInelastic[2]; << 290 res = limitInelastic[2];
292 } 291 }
293 return res; 292 return res;
294 } 293 }
295 294
296 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 295 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
297 296
298 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInel 297 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInelasticModelHighLimit(G4int pdg)
299 { 298 {
300 G4double res = 0.0; 299 G4double res = 0.0;
301 if(pdg == 11) 300 if(pdg == 11)
302 { 301 {
303 res = flimitInelastic[1]; << 302 res = limitInelastic[1];
304 } 303 }
305 else if(pdg == 2212) 304 else if(pdg == 2212)
306 { 305 {
307 res = flimitInelastic[3]; << 306 res = limitInelastic[3];
308 } 307 }
309 return res; 308 return res;
310 } 309 }
311 310
312 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 311 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
313 312
314 G4bool G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::IsShellWe 313 G4bool G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::IsShellWeaklyBound(G4int level)
315 { 314 {
316 return isShellWeaklyBoundVector[level]; 315 return isShellWeaklyBoundVector[level];
317 } 316 }
318 317
319 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 318 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
320 319
321 320