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25 // 25 //
26 // 26 //
27 // G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.cc, 2011/08/29 27 // G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.cc, 2011/08/29 A.Valentin, M. Raine are with CEA [a]
28 // 2020/05/20 P. Caro 28 // 2020/05/20 P. Caron, C. Inguimbert are with ONERA [b]
29 // Q. Gibaru is with CEA [a] 29 // Q. Gibaru is with CEA [a], ONERA [b] and CNES [c]
30 // M. Raine and D. Lambert 30 // M. Raine and D. Lambert are with CEA [a]
31 // 31 //
32 // A part of this work has been funded by the 32 // A part of this work has been funded by the French space agency(CNES[c])
33 // [a] CEA, DAM, DIF - 91297 ARPAJON, France 33 // [a] CEA, DAM, DIF - 91297 ARPAJON, France
34 // [b] ONERA - DPHY, 2 avenue E.Belin, 31055 T 34 // [b] ONERA - DPHY, 2 avenue E.Belin, 31055 Toulouse, France
35 // [c] CNES, 18 av.E.Belin, 31401 Toulouse CED 35 // [c] CNES, 18 av.E.Belin, 31401 Toulouse CEDEX, France
36 // 36 //
37 // Based on the following publications 37 // Based on the following publications
38 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, 38 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine,
39 // Inelastic cross-sections of low energy e 39 // Inelastic cross-sections of low energy electrons in silicon
40 // for the simulation of heavy ion trac 40 // for the simulation of heavy ion tracks with the Geant4-DNA toolkit,
41 // NSS Conf. Record 2010, pp. 80-85 41 // NSS Conf. Record 2010, pp. 80-85
42 // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC. 42 // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5873720
43 // 43 //
44 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, M.Gaillardin, 44 // - A.Valentin, M. Raine, M.Gaillardin, P.Paillet
45 // Geant4 physics processes for microdo 45 // Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry simulation:
46 // very low energy electromagnetic mode 46 // very low energy electromagnetic models for electrons in Silicon,
47 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 47 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.06.007
48 // NIM B, vol. 288, pp. 66-73, 2012, pa 48 // NIM B, vol. 288, pp. 66-73, 2012, part A
49 // heavy ions in Si, NIM B, vol. 287, p 49 // heavy ions in Si, NIM B, vol. 287, pp. 124-129, 2012, part B
50 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 50 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.07.028
51 // 51 //
52 // - M. Raine, M. Gaillardin, P. Paillet 52 // - M. Raine, M. Gaillardin, P. Paillet
53 // Geant4 physics processes for silicon 53 // Geant4 physics processes for silicon microdosimetry simulation:
54 // Improvements and extension of the en 54 // Improvements and extension of the energy-range validity up to 10 GeV/nucleon
55 // NIM B, vol. 325, pp. 97-100, 2014 55 // NIM B, vol. 325, pp. 97-100, 2014
56 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb. 56 // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.01.014
57 // 57 //
58 // - J. Pierron, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj 58 // - J. Pierron, C. Inguimbert, M. Belhaj, T. Gineste, J. Puech, M. Raine
59 // Electron emission yield for low ener 59 // Electron emission yield for low energy electrons:
60 // Monte Carlo simulation and experimen 60 // Monte Carlo simulation and experimental comparison for Al, Ag, and Si
61 // Journal of Applied Physics 121 (2017 61 // Journal of Applied Physics 121 (2017) 215107.
62 // https://doi.org/10.1063/1.498 62 // https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984761
63 // 63 //
64 // - P. Caron, 64 // - P. Caron,
65 // Study of Electron-Induced Single-Eve 65 // Study of Electron-Induced Single-Event Upset in Integrated Memory Devices
66 // PHD, 16th October 2019 66 // PHD, 16th October 2019
67 // 67 //
68 // - Q.Gibaru, C.Inguimbert, P.Caron, M.Raine 68 // - Q.Gibaru, C.Inguimbert, P.Caron, M.Raine, D.Lambert, J.Puech,
69 // Geant4 physics processes for microdo 69 // Geant4 physics processes for microdosimetry and secondary electron emission simulation :
70 // Extension of MicroElec to very low e 70 // Extension of MicroElec to very low energies and new materials
71 // NIM B, 2020, in review. 71 // NIM B, 2020, in review.
72 // 72 //
73 // 73 //
74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 74 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
75 75
76 #include "G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.hh" 76 #include "G4MicroElecMaterialStructure.hh"
77 #include "G4EnvironmentUtils.hh" <<
78 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 77 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
79 78
80 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 79 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
81 80
82 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::G4MicroElecMater 81 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::G4MicroElecMaterialStructure(const G4String& matName)
83 { 82 {
84 materialName = matName; 83 materialName = matName;
85 if (matName == "Vacuum" || matName == "uum") 84 if (matName == "Vacuum" || matName == "uum") {
86 workFunction = 0; 85 workFunction = 0;
87 initialEnergy = 0; 86 initialEnergy = 0;
88 } 87 }
89 else { 88 else {
90 ReadMaterialFile(); 89 ReadMaterialFile();
91 } 90 }
92 nLevels = (G4int)energyConstant.size(); << 91 nLevels = energyConstant.size();
93 } 92 }
94 93
>> 94 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
>> 95
>> 96 G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::~G4MicroElecMaterialStructure()
>> 97 {}
95 98
96 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 99 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
>> 100
97 void G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMateria 101 void G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMaterialFile()
98 { 102 {
99 const char* path = G4FindDataDir("G4LEDATA") << 103 char *path = std::getenv("G4LEDATA");
100 << 104
101 if (materialName[0] == 'G' && materialName[1 << 105 if (materialName(0) == 'G' && materialName(1) == '4') {
102 //in the case the NIST database is used 106 //in the case the NIST database is used
103 materialName.erase(0, 1); 107 materialName.erase(0, 1);
104 materialName.erase(0, 1); 108 materialName.erase(0, 1);
105 materialName.erase(0, 1); 109 materialName.erase(0, 1);
106 } 110 }
107 111
108 std::ostringstream fileName; 112 std::ostringstream fileName;
109 fileName << path << "/microelec/Structure/Da 113 fileName << path << "/microelec/Structure/Data_" + materialName + ".dat";
110 std::ifstream fichier(fileName.str().c_str() 114 std::ifstream fichier(fileName.str().c_str());
111 115
112 int varLength = 0; 116 int varLength = 0;
113 G4String nameParameter; 117 G4String nameParameter;
114 118
115 G4String unitName; 119 G4String unitName;
116 G4double unitValue; 120 G4double unitValue;
117 G4double data; 121 G4double data;
118 G4String filler; 122 G4String filler;
119 G4String type; 123 G4String type;
120 124
121 if (fichier) 125 if (fichier)
122 { 126 {
123 fichier >> filler >> type; 127 fichier >> filler >> type;
124 materialName = filler; 128 materialName = filler;
125 if (type == "Compound") {isCompound = tr 129 if (type == "Compound") {isCompound = true; Z = 0; }
126 else { isCompound = false; Z = std::stoi 130 else { isCompound = false; Z = std::stoi(type); }
127 while(!fichier.eof()) { 131 while(!fichier.eof()) {
128 132
129 getline(fichier, filler); 133 getline(fichier, filler);
130 std::stringstream line(filler); 134 std::stringstream line(filler);
131 135
132 if (filler[0] == '#' || filler.empty()) {con << 136 if (filler(0) == '#' || filler.empty()) {continue;}
133 137
134 line >> varLength; 138 line >> varLength;
135 line >> nameParameter; 139 line >> nameParameter;
136 line >> unitName; 140 line >> unitName;
137 unitValue = ConvertUnit(unitName); 141 unitValue = ConvertUnit(unitName);
138 142
139 for (int i = 0; i < varLength; i++) 143 for (int i = 0; i < varLength; i++)
140 { 144 {
141 line >> data; data = data*unitValue; 145 line >> data; data = data*unitValue;
142 << 146
143 if(nameParameter == "WorkFunction") << 147 if (nameParameter == "WorkFunction") workFunction = data;
144 { << 148 if (nameParameter == "EnergyGap") energyGap = data;
145 workFunction = data; << 149
146 } << 150 if (nameParameter == "EnergyPeak") energyConstant.push_back(data);
147 if(nameParameter == "EnergyGap") << 151 if (nameParameter == "EnergyLimit") LimitEnergy.push_back(data);
148 { << 152 if (nameParameter == "EADL") EADL_Enumerator.push_back(data);
149 energyGap = data; << 153
150 } << 154 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundShell")
151 <<
152 if(nameParameter == "EnergyPeak") <<
153 { <<
154 energyConstant.push_back(data); <<
155 } <<
156 if(nameParameter == "EnergyLimit") <<
157 { <<
158 LimitEnergy.push_back(data); <<
159 } <<
160 if(nameParameter == "EADL") <<
161 { <<
162 EADL_Enumerator.push_back(data); <<
163 } <<
164 <<
165 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundShell") <<
166 {if (data == 0) { isShellWeaklyBoundVe 155 {if (data == 0) { isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(false); }
167 else {isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(t 156 else {isShellWeaklyBoundVector.push_back(true);}}
168 << 157
169 if(nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundInitia << 158 if (nameParameter == "WeaklyBoundInitialEnergy") initialEnergy = data;
170 { << 159
171 initialEnergy = data; << 160 if (nameParameter == "ShellAtomicNumber") compoundShellZ.push_back(data);
172 } << 161
173 << 162 if (nameParameter == "DielectricModelLowEnergyLimit_e") limitInelastic[0]=data;
174 if(nameParameter == "ShellAtomicNumber << 163 if (nameParameter == "DielectricModelHighEnergyLimit_e") limitInelastic[1] = data;
175 { << 164 if (nameParameter == "DielectricModelLowEnergyLimit_p") limitInelastic[2] = data;
176 compoundShellZ.push_back(data); << 165 if (nameParameter == "DielectricModelHighEnergyLimit_p") limitInelastic[3] = data;
177 } << 166
178 << 167 if (nameParameter == "ElasticModelLowEnergyLimit") limitElastic[0] = data;
179 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLo << 168 if (nameParameter == "ElasticModelHighEnergyLimit") limitElastic[1] = data;
180 { << 169 }
181 flimitInelastic[0] = data; <<
182 } <<
183 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHi <<
184 { <<
185 flimitInelastic[1] = data; <<
186 } <<
187 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelLo <<
188 { <<
189 flimitInelastic[2] = data; <<
190 } <<
191 if(nameParameter == "DielectricModelHi <<
192 { <<
193 flimitInelastic[3] = data; <<
194 } <<
195 <<
196 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelLowEn <<
197 { <<
198 flimitElastic[0] = data; <<
199 } <<
200 if(nameParameter == "ElasticModelHighE <<
201 { <<
202 flimitElastic[1] = data; <<
203 } <<
204 } <<
205 } 170 }
206 fichier.close(); // on ferme le fichier 171 fichier.close(); // on ferme le fichier
207 } 172 }
208 else { 173 else {
209 G4String str = "file "; 174 G4String str = "file ";
210 str += fileName.str() + " not found!"; 175 str += fileName.str() + " not found!";
211 G4Exception("G4MicroElecMaterialStructure: 176 G4Exception("G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ReadMaterialFile", "em0002", FatalException, str);
212 } 177 }
213 } 178 }
214 179
215 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 180 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
216 181
217 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Energy( 182 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Energy(G4int level)
218 { 183 {
219 return (level >= 0 && level < nLevels) ? ene 184 return (level >= 0 && level < nLevels) ? energyConstant[level] : 0.0;
220 } 185 }
221 186
222 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 187 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
223 188
224 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetZ(G4 189 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetZ(G4int Shell)
225 { 190 {
226 if (Shell >= 0 && Shell < nLevels) { 191 if (Shell >= 0 && Shell < nLevels) {
227 if(!isCompound) << 192 if (!isCompound) return Z;
228 { << 193 else return compoundShellZ[Shell];
229 return Z; <<
230 } <<
231 else <<
232 { <<
233 return compoundShellZ[Shell]; <<
234 } <<
235 } <<
236 else <<
237 { <<
238 return 0; <<
239 } 194 }
>> 195 else return 0;
240 } 196 }
241 197
242 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 198 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
243 199
244 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::Convert 200 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::ConvertUnit(const G4String& unitName)
245 { 201 {
246 G4double unitValue = 0; 202 G4double unitValue = 0;
247 if(unitName == "meV") << 203 if (unitName == "meV") unitValue = 1e-3*CLHEP::eV;
248 { << 204 else if (unitName == "eV") unitValue = CLHEP::eV;
249 unitValue = 1e-3 * CLHEP::eV; << 205 else if (unitName == "keV") unitValue = CLHEP::keV;
250 } << 206 else if (unitName == "MeV") unitValue = CLHEP::MeV;
251 else if(unitName == "eV") << 207 else if (unitName == "noUnit") unitValue = 1;
252 { << 208
253 unitValue = CLHEP::eV; <<
254 } <<
255 else if(unitName == "keV") <<
256 { <<
257 unitValue = CLHEP::keV; <<
258 } <<
259 else if(unitName == "MeV") <<
260 { <<
261 unitValue = CLHEP::MeV; <<
262 } <<
263 else if(unitName == "noUnit") <<
264 { <<
265 unitValue = 1; <<
266 } <<
267 <<
268 return unitValue; 209 return unitValue;
269 } 210 }
270 211
271 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 212 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
272 213
273 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetLimi 214 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetLimitEnergy(G4int level)
274 { 215 {
275 G4double E = LimitEnergy[level]; 216 G4double E = LimitEnergy[level];
276 if (IsShellWeaklyBound(level)) { E = energyG 217 if (IsShellWeaklyBound(level)) { E = energyGap+ initialEnergy; }
277 return E; 218 return E;
278 } 219 }
279 220
280 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 221 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
281 222
282 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInel 223 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInelasticModelLowLimit(G4int pdg)
283 { 224 {
284 G4double res = 0.0; 225 G4double res = 0.0;
285 if(pdg == 11) << 226 if (pdg == 11) res = limitInelastic[0];
286 { << 227 else if (pdg == 2212) res = limitInelastic[2];
287 res = flimitInelastic[0]; <<
288 } <<
289 else if(pdg == 2212) <<
290 { <<
291 res = flimitInelastic[2]; <<
292 } <<
293 return res; 228 return res;
294 } 229 }
295 230
296 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 231 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
297 232
298 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInel 233 G4double G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::GetInelasticModelHighLimit(G4int pdg)
299 { 234 {
300 G4double res = 0.0; 235 G4double res = 0.0;
301 if(pdg == 11) << 236 if (pdg == 11) res = limitInelastic[1];
302 { << 237 else if (pdg == 2212) res = limitInelastic[3];
303 res = flimitInelastic[1]; <<
304 } <<
305 else if(pdg == 2212) <<
306 { <<
307 res = flimitInelastic[3]; <<
308 } <<
309 return res; 238 return res;
310 } 239 }
311 240
312 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 241 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
313 242
314 G4bool G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::IsShellWe 243 G4bool G4MicroElecMaterialStructure::IsShellWeaklyBound(G4int level)
315 { 244 {
316 return isShellWeaklyBoundVector[level]; 245 return isShellWeaklyBoundVector[level];
317 } 246 }
318 247
319 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 248 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
320 249
321 250