Version:
[ ReleaseNotes ] [ 1.0 ] [ 1.1 ] [ 2.0 ] [ 3.0 ] [ 3.1 ] [ 3.2 ] [ 4.0 ] [ 4.0.p1 ] [ 4.0.p2 ] [ 4.1 ] [ 4.1.p1 ] [ 5.0 ] [ 5.0.p1 ] [ 5.1 ] [ 5.1.p1 ] [ 5.2 ] [ 5.2.p1 ] [ 5.2.p2 ] [ 6.0 ] [ 6.0.p1 ] [ 6.1 ] [ 6.2 ] [ 6.2.p1 ] [ 6.2.p2 ] [ 7.0 ] [ 7.0.p1 ] [ 7.1 ] [ 7.1.p1 ] [ 8.0 ] [ 8.0.p1 ] [ 8.1 ] [ 8.1.p1 ] [ 8.1.p2 ] [ 8.2 ] [ 8.2.p1 ] [ 8.3 ] [ 8.3.p1 ] [ 8.3.p2 ] [ 9.0 ] [ 9.0.p1 ] [ 9.0.p2 ] [ 9.1 ] [ 9.1.p1 ] [ 9.1.p2 ] [ 9.1.p3 ] [ 9.2 ] [ 9.2.p1 ] [ 9.2.p2 ] [ 9.2.p3 ] [ 9.2.p4 ] [ 9.3 ] [ 9.3.p1 ] [ 9.3.p2 ] [ 9.4 ] [ 9.4.p1 ] [ 9.4.p2 ] [ 9.4.p3 ] [ 9.4.p4 ] [ 9.5 ] [ 9.5.p1 ] [ 9.5.p2 ] [ 9.6 ] [ 9.6.p1 ] [ 9.6.p2 ] [ 9.6.p3 ] [ 9.6.p4 ] [ 10.0 ] [ 10.0.p1 ] [ 10.0.p2 ] [ 10.0.p3 ] [ 10.0.p4 ] [ 10.1 ] [ 10.1.p1 ] [ 10.1.p2 ] [ 10.1.p3 ] [ 10.2 ] [ 10.2.p1 ] [ 10.2.p2 ] [ 10.2.p3 ] [ 10.3 ] [ 10.3.p1 ] [ 10.3.p2 ] [ 10.3.p3 ] [ 10.4 ] [ 10.4.p1 ] [ 10.4.p2 ] [ 10.4.p3 ] [ 10.5 ] [ 10.5.p1 ] [ 10.6 ] [ 10.6.p1 ] [ 10.6.p2 ] [ 10.6.p3 ] [ 10.7 ] [ 10.7.p1 ] [ 10.7.p2 ] [ 10.7.p3 ] [ 10.7.p4 ] [ 11.0 ] [ 11.0.p1 ] [ 11.0.p2 ] [ 11.0.p3, ] [ 11.0.p4 ] [ 11.1 ] [ 11.1.1 ] [ 11.1.2 ] [ 11.1.3 ] [ 11.2 ] [ 11.2.1 ] [ 11.2.2 ] [ 11.3.0 ]
1
2 =========================================================
3 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
4 =========================================================
5
6 Activation
7 ----------
8
9 Survey energy deposition and particle's flux from an hadronic cascade,
10 including radioactive decays.
11 The main purpose of the example is to plot evolution of each metastable isomer
12 as a function of time, taking into account the time of exposure in the beam.
13 Also plot the activity of emerging particles.
14 Use PhysicsConstructor objects rather than predefined G4 PhysicsLists.
15
16 1- MATERIALS AND GEOMETRY DEFINITION
17
18 The "absorber" is a box made of a given material.
19
20 Three parameters define the absorber :
21 - the material of the absorber
22 - the thickness of an absorber
23 - the transverse size of the absorber (the input face is a square)
24
25 The volume "World" contains the "absorber".
26
27 A function, and its associated UI command, allows to build a material
28 directly from a single isotope.
29
30 To be identified by the ThermalScattering module, the elements composing a
31 material must have a specific name (see G4ParticleHPThermalScatteringNames.cc)
32 Examples of such materials are build in DetectorConstruction::DefineMaterials().
33
34 2- PHYSICS LIST
35
36 The physics list contains a "full" set of physics processes. It is defined in
37 the PhysicsList class as a Geant4 modular physics list with registered physics
38 constructors (builders).
39
40 Physics constructors are either constructors provided in Geant4 (with G4 prefix)
41 or 'local'. They include : HadronElastic, HadronInelastic, IonsInelastic, GammaNuclear,
42 RadioactiveDecay and Electomagnetic.
43 (see geant4/source/physics_lists/constructors)
44
45 HadronElasticPhysicsHP include a model for thermalized neutrons, under the control of a command
46 defined in NeutronHPMesseger.
47
48 GammmaNuclearPhysics is a subset of G4BertiniElectroNuclearBuilder.
49
50 ElectromagneticPhysics is a simplified version of G4EmStandardPhysics.
51
52 Several hadronic physics options are controlled by environment variables.
53 To select them, see Activation.cc
54
55 3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
56
57 The primary kinematic is a single particle which hits the absorber
58 perpendicular to the input face. The type of particle and its energy are
59 set in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class, and can be changed via the G4
60 build-in commands of G4ParticleGun class
61 (see the macros provided with this example).
62
63 One can control the transverse size of the beam.
64 The command /testhadr/gun/beamSize is built in PrimaryGeneratorMessenger class.
65
66 The time of exposure in the beam may be finite. It is controled by the command
67 /testhadr/gun/beamTime.
68 Then the time zero of each event is randomly chosen within this interval.
69
70 4- PHYSICS
71
72 The program computes and plots energy deposited in the interaction volume
73 (absorber), energy spectrum and activity of particles leaving the absorber,
74 and evolution of population of metastable isomers within the absorber
75 (see below : histograms).
76 Processes invoked and particles generated during interactions are listed.
77
78 5- HISTOGRAMS
79
80 The test contains 43 built-in 1D histograms, which are managed by
81 G4AnalysisManager and its Messenger. The histos can be individually
82 activated with the command :
83 /analysis/h1/set id nbBins valMin valMax unit
84 where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, etc..)
85 (see the macros xxxx.mac).
86
87 1 "total energy deposit"
88 2 "Edep (MeV/mm) profile along beam direction"
89 3 "total kinetic energy emerging"
90 4 "energy spectrum of emerging gamma"
91 5 "energy spectrum of emerging e+-"
92 6 "energy spectrum of emerging neutrons"
93 7 "energy spectrum of emerging protons"
94 8 "energy spectrum of emerging deuterons"
95 9 "energy spectrum of emerging alphas"
96 10 "energy spectrum of all others emerging ions"
97 11 "energy spectrum of all others emerging baryons"
98 12 "energy spectrum of all others emerging mesons"
99 13 "energy spectrum of all others emerging leptons (neutrinos)"
100 14 "dN/dt (becquerel) of emerging gamma"
101 15 "dN/dt (becquerel) of emerging e+-"
102 16 "dN/dt (becquerel) of emerging neutrons"
103 17 "dN/dt (becquerel) of emerging protons"
104 18 "dN/dt (becquerel) of emerging deuterons"
105 19 "dN/dt (becquerel) of emerging alphas"
106 20 "dN/dt (becquerel) of all others emerging ions"
107 21 "dN/dt (becquerel) of all others emerging baryons"
108 22 "dN/dt (becquerel) of all others emerging mesons"
109 23 "dN/dt (becquerel) of all others emerging leptons (neutrinos)"
110
111 Histograms 24 to 43 are assigned to population of metastable isomer.
112 Here, ´metastable' means time life > 0.
113
114 The type and number of isomers created in a run cannot be predicted in advance.
115 Therefore the assignation : isomer <--> histo_Id is done on fly
116 and printed at end of run. A lock mechanism is necessary in MT mode; see Run.cc
117
118 Activation and binning control of histograms is done with the usual command
119 /analysis/h1/set
120
121 One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
122 /analysis/setFileName name (default Activation)
123
124 It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
125 xml, csv, by using namespace in HistoManager.hh
126
127 It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
128 /analysis/h1/setAscii id
129 All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default Activation)
130
131 6- VISUALIZATION
132
133 The Visualization Manager is set in the main().
134 The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
135 /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. To get visualisation:
136 > /control/execute vis.mac
137
138 The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.
139 gamma green
140 neutron yellow
141 negative particles (e-, ...) red
142 positive particles (e+, ions, ...) blue
143
144 7- HOW TO START ?
145
146 Execute Activation in 'batch' mode from macro files :
147 % ./Activation run.mac
148 % ./Activation Activation.in > Activation.out
149
150 Execute Activation in 'interactive mode' with visualization :
151 % ./Activation
152 Idle> control/execute debug.mac
153 ....
154 Idle> type your commands
155 ....
156 Idle> exit
157
158 Macros provided in this example:
159 - Bi209.mac: neutron (25 meV) on 10 cm of Bi209
160 - Co60.mac: neutron (25 meV) on 1 cm of Cobalt.
161 - run.mac: simplified Co60.mac (no beam time, no histograms)
162
163 Macros to be run interactively:
164 - vis.mac: To activate visualization
165 - debug.mac: 1 neutron (25 meV) on Cobalt. Visualization and tracking/verbose
166
