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26 //
27 /// \file optical/wls/src/WLSMaterials.cc
28 /// \brief Implementation of the WLSMaterials class
29 //
30 //
31 #include "WLSMaterials.hh"
32
33 #include "G4NistManager.hh"
34 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
35
36 WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::fInstance = nullptr;
37
38 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
39
40 WLSMaterials::WLSMaterials()
41 {
42 fNistMan = G4NistManager::Instance();
43 fNistMan->SetVerbose(2);
44
45 CreateMaterials();
46 }
47
48 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
49
50 WLSMaterials::~WLSMaterials()
51 {
52 delete fAir;
53 delete fPMMA;
54 delete fPethylene;
55 delete fFPethylene;
56 delete fPolystyrene;
57 delete fSilicone;
58 delete fCoating;
59 }
60
61 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
62
63 WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::GetInstance()
64 {
65 if (!fInstance) {
66 fInstance = new WLSMaterials();
67 }
68 return fInstance;
69 }
70
71 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
72
73 G4Material* WLSMaterials::GetMaterial(const G4String material)
74 {
75 G4Material* mat = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial(material);
76
77 if (!mat) mat = G4Material::GetMaterial(material);
78 if (!mat) {
79 G4ExceptionDescription ed;
80 ed << "Material " << material << " not found!";
81 G4Exception("WLSMaterials::GetMaterial", "", FatalException, ed);
82 }
83
84 return mat;
85 }
86
87 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
88
89 void WLSMaterials::CreateMaterials()
90 {
91 G4double density;
92 G4int ncomponents;
93 G4double fractionmass;
94 std::vector<G4int> natoms;
95 std::vector<G4double> fractionMass;
96 std::vector<G4String> elements;
97
98 // Materials Definitions
99 // =====================
100
101 //--------------------------------------------------
102 // Vacuum
103 //--------------------------------------------------
104
105 fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Galactic");
106
107 //--------------------------------------------------
108 // Air
109 //--------------------------------------------------
110
111 fAir = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_AIR");
112
113 //--------------------------------------------------
114 // WLSfiber PMMA
115 //--------------------------------------------------
116
117 elements.push_back("C");
118 natoms.push_back(5);
119 elements.push_back("H");
120 natoms.push_back(8);
121 elements.push_back("O");
122 natoms.push_back(2);
123
124 density = 1.190 * g / cm3;
125
126 fPMMA = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("PMMA", elements, natoms, density);
127
128 elements.clear();
129 natoms.clear();
130
131 //--------------------------------------------------
132 // Cladding (polyethylene)
133 //--------------------------------------------------
134
135 elements.push_back("C");
136 natoms.push_back(2);
137 elements.push_back("H");
138 natoms.push_back(4);
139
140 density = 1.200 * g / cm3;
141
142 fPethylene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Pethylene", elements, natoms, density);
143
144 elements.clear();
145 natoms.clear();
146
147 //--------------------------------------------------
148 // Double Cladding (fluorinated polyethylene)
149 //--------------------------------------------------
150
151 elements.push_back("C");
152 natoms.push_back(2);
153 elements.push_back("H");
154 natoms.push_back(4);
155
156 density = 1.400 * g / cm3;
157
158 fFPethylene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("FPethylene", elements, natoms, density);
159
160 elements.clear();
161 natoms.clear();
162
163 //--------------------------------------------------
164 // Polystyrene
165 //--------------------------------------------------
166
167 elements.push_back("C");
168 natoms.push_back(8);
169 elements.push_back("H");
170 natoms.push_back(8);
171
172 density = 1.050 * g / cm3;
173
174 fPolystyrene = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Polystyrene", elements, natoms, density);
175
176 elements.clear();
177 natoms.clear();
178
179 //--------------------------------------------------
180 // Silicone (Template for Optical Grease)
181 //--------------------------------------------------
182
183 elements.push_back("C");
184 natoms.push_back(2);
185 elements.push_back("H");
186 natoms.push_back(6);
187
188 density = 1.060 * g / cm3;
189
190 fSilicone = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Silicone", elements, natoms, density);
191
192 elements.clear();
193 natoms.clear();
194
195 //--------------------------------------------------
196 // Aluminium
197 //--------------------------------------------------
198
199 fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Al");
200
201 //--------------------------------------------------
202 // TiO2
203 //--------------------------------------------------
204
205 elements.push_back("Ti");
206 natoms.push_back(1);
207 elements.push_back("O");
208 natoms.push_back(2);
209
210 density = 4.26 * g / cm3;
211
212 G4Material* TiO2 = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("TiO2", elements, natoms, density);
213
214 elements.clear();
215 natoms.clear();
216
217 //--------------------------------------------------
218 // Scintillator Coating - 15% TiO2 and 85% polystyrene by weight.
219 //--------------------------------------------------
220
221 density = 1.52 * g / cm3;
222
223 fCoating = new G4Material("Coating", density, ncomponents = 2);
224
225 fCoating->AddMaterial(TiO2, fractionmass = 15 * perCent);
226 fCoating->AddMaterial(fPolystyrene, fractionmass = 85 * perCent);
227
228 //
229 // ------------ Generate & Add Material Properties Table ------------
230 //
231
232 std::vector<G4double> energy = {
233 2.00 * eV, 2.03 * eV, 2.06 * eV, 2.09 * eV, 2.12 * eV, 2.15 * eV, 2.18 * eV, 2.21 * eV,
234 2.24 * eV, 2.27 * eV, 2.30 * eV, 2.33 * eV, 2.36 * eV, 2.39 * eV, 2.42 * eV, 2.45 * eV,
235 2.48 * eV, 2.51 * eV, 2.54 * eV, 2.57 * eV, 2.60 * eV, 2.63 * eV, 2.66 * eV, 2.69 * eV,
236 2.72 * eV, 2.75 * eV, 2.78 * eV, 2.81 * eV, 2.84 * eV, 2.87 * eV, 2.90 * eV, 2.93 * eV,
237 2.96 * eV, 2.99 * eV, 3.02 * eV, 3.05 * eV, 3.08 * eV, 3.11 * eV, 3.14 * eV, 3.17 * eV,
238 3.20 * eV, 3.23 * eV, 3.26 * eV, 3.29 * eV, 3.32 * eV, 3.35 * eV, 3.38 * eV, 3.41 * eV,
239 3.44 * eV, 3.47 * eV};
240
241 std::vector<G4double> energySmall = {2.0 * eV, 3.47 * eV};
242
243 //--------------------------------------------------
244 // Air
245 //--------------------------------------------------
246
247 std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndex = {1.0, 1.0};
248
249 auto mpt = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
250 mpt->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndex);
251
252 fAir->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mpt);
253
254 //--------------------------------------------------
255 // PMMA for WLSfibers
256 //--------------------------------------------------
257
258 std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexWLSfiber = {1.60, 1.60};
259
260 std::vector<G4double> absWLSfiber = {
261 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
262 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
263 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
264 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m,
265 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm,
266 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm, 1. * mm};
267
268 std::vector<G4double> emissionFib = {0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.85, 2.30, 2.75,
269 3.25, 3.80, 4.50, 5.20, 6.00, 7.00, 8.50, 9.50, 11.1, 12.4,
270 12.9, 13.0, 12.8, 12.3, 11.1, 11.0, 12.0, 11.0, 17.0, 16.9,
271 15.0, 9.00, 2.50, 1.00, 0.05, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00,
272 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00};
273
274 // Add entries into properties table
275 auto mptWLSfiber = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
276 mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexWLSfiber);
277 mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSABSLENGTH", energy, absWLSfiber);
278 mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSCOMPONENT", energy, emissionFib);
279 mptWLSfiber->AddConstProperty("WLSTIMECONSTANT", 0.5 * ns);
280
281 fPMMA->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptWLSfiber);
282
283 //--------------------------------------------------
284 // Polyethylene
285 //--------------------------------------------------
286
287 std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad1 = {1.49, 1.49};
288
289 std::vector<G4double> absClad = {20.0 * m, 20.0 * m};
290
291 // Add entries into properties table
292 auto mptClad1 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
293 mptClad1->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad1);
294 mptClad1->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
295
296 fPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad1);
297
298 //--------------------------------------------------
299 // Fluorinated Polyethylene
300 //--------------------------------------------------
301
302 std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad2 = {1.42, 1.42};
303
304 // Add entries into properties table
305 auto mptClad2 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
306 mptClad2->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad2);
307 mptClad2->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
308
309 fFPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad2);
310
311 //--------------------------------------------------
312 // Silicone
313 //--------------------------------------------------
314
315 std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexSilicone = {1.46, 1.46};
316
317 // Add entries into properties table
318 auto mptSilicone = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
319 mptSilicone->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexSilicone);
320 mptSilicone->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
321
322 fSilicone->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptSilicone);
323
324 //--------------------------------------------------
325 // Polystyrene
326 //--------------------------------------------------
327
328 std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexPS = {1.50, 1.50};
329
330 std::vector<G4double> absPS = {2. * cm, 2. * cm};
331
332 std::vector<G4double> scintilFast = {
333 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
334 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
335 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
336
337 // Add entries into properties table
338 auto mptPolystyrene = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
339 mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexPS);
340 mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absPS);
341 mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("SCINTILLATIONCOMPONENT1", energy, scintilFast);
342 mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONYIELD", 10. / keV);
343 mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("RESOLUTIONSCALE", 1.0);
344 mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONTIMECONSTANT1", 10. * ns);
345
346 fPolystyrene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptPolystyrene);
347
348 // Set the Birks Constant for the Polystyrene scintillator
349 fPolystyrene->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant(0.126 * mm / MeV);
350 }
351