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1 =================================================================
2 Geant4 - splitting
3 =================================================================
4
5
6 Authors: J. A. Ramos-Mendez*, B. A. Faddegon
7
8 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco
9 * Corresponding author, email to joserm84@gmail.com
10
11 This example is provided by the Geant4-DNA collaboration.
12
13 These processes and models are further described at:
14 http://geant4-dna.org
15
16 Any report or published results obtained using the Geant4-DNA software shall
17 cite the following Geant4-DNA collaboration publications:
18 Phys. Med. 31 (2015) 861-874
19 Med. Phys. 37 (2010) 4692-4708
20
21 If use this example, please cite
22 J Ramos-Mendez, et. Al. Phys. Med. Biol. 62(15), 5908-5925, (2017) DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7831
23
24 ---> 1. A brief description
25
26 The splitting example uses variance reduction to improve the computational
27 efficiency of calculations of ionization cluster size distributions. Ionization
28 events are scored in a nanoscaled cylinder. Ionized electrons generated by
29 the first generation of secondary electrons are split, i.e. new clone electrons
30 are generated, labeled and propagated. The label is used to classify those
31 new particles as if they were produced by independent histories to avoid
32 overlapping of tracks at final analysis. The splitting is performed only
33 if the ionization event occurred in the cylinder.
34
35 Geant4-DNA processes are used.
36
37 The example package contains:
38 - source files (src, include)
39 - README
40 - .in, plot.C and visualization macro files
41
42 **** 2. Set-up.
43
44 The geometry is a nanoscaled cylinder centered in the world. The medium is
45 water everywhere. The dimensions can be defined with
46 /detector/diameter 6 nm
47 /detector/length 10 nm
48
49 User can define the split number (default is 1, i.e. no split)
50 with:
51
52 /vrt/numberOfSplit 10
53
54 **** 3. How to run the example.
55 In interactive mode, run:
56 ./splitting
57 Idle> /control/execute vis.mac
58
59 In batch mode , run:
60
61 ./splitting run.mac
62
63 To get visualization, make sure to uncomment the #/control/execute vis.mac line in the macro.
64
65 **** 4. The physics
66
67 This example shows:
68 - how to use the Geant4-DNA processes,
69 - how to implement the splitting via G4WrappedProcess
70 - how to set the splitting in specific region
71 - how to propagate new track information to secondary particles
72
73 A simple electron capture process is also provided in order to kill electrons
74 below a chosen energy threshold, set in the Physics list.
75
76 Look at the PhyscisList.cc file.
77
78 **** 5. Simulation output
79
80 The output results consists in two histograms in root format
81
82 - the energy deposit in the cylindrical target
83 - the frequency distribution of ionization cluster size
84
85 NOTE: Every time a value is added to a ROOT histogram, it contributes to the statistics.
86 For this example, to correct estimate the uncertainties is recommended to split the simulation into
87 several jobs and to calculate the statistics from them: batch mode. Otherwise, the statistical
88 uncertainty may be underestimated.
89
90 **** 6. Contacts
91
92 If you have any questions or wish to notify of updates and/or modification please contact:
93
94 J. Ramos-Mendez at joserm84@gmail.com
95
96 **** Acknowledgments :
97
98 Sebastien Incerti (CNRS) for its guidance
99
100
