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Geant4/examples/extended/hadronic/NeutronSource/README

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  1 
  2      =========================================================
  3      Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
  4      =========================================================
  5 
  6                             NeutronSource
  7                             -------------
  8 
  9    NeutronSource is an example of neutrons production. It illustrates the cooperative work
 10    of nuclear reactions and radioactive decay processes.
 11    It survey energy deposition and particle's flux.
 12    It uses PhysicsConstructor objects.
 13 
 14   
 15  1- MATERIALS AND GEOMETRY DEFINITION
 16  
 17    The geometry is a cylinder (absorber) of an homogenous material (default : Beryllium oxide).
 18    This absorber is within a container (default : stainless-steel).
 19 
 20    Five parameters define the geometry :
 21   - the material of the absorber
 22   - the radius and length of the absorber
 23   - the material of the container
 24   - the thickness of the container
 25   
 26    The default geometry is built in DetectorConstruction, but the above
 27    parameters can be changed interactively via commands defined in DetectorMessenger.
 28    
 29    The container is surrounded by a World volume (air)
 30    
 31    A function, and its associated UI command, allows to build a material
 32    directly from a single isotope.
 33    
 34    To be identified by the ThermalScattering module, the elements composing a
 35    material must have a specific name (see G4ParticleHPThermalScatteringNames.cc)
 36    Examples of such materials are build in DetectorConstruction of Hadr04,06,07.
 37   
 38  2- PHYSICS LIST
 39    
 40   "Full" set of physics processes are registered, but via PhysicsConstructor
 41   objects rather than complete pre-defined G4 physics lists. This alternative 
 42   way may give more freedom to register physics.
 43   
 44   Physics constructors are either constructors provided in Geant4 (with G4 prefix)
 45   or 'local'. They include : HadronElastic, HadronInelastic, IonsInelastic, GammaNuclear,
 46   RadioactiveDecay and Electomagnetic.
 47   (see geant4/source/physics_lists/constructors)
 48 
 49   HadronElasticPhysicsHP include a model for thermalized neutrons, under the control of a command
 50   defined in NeutronHPMesseger.
 51 
 52   GammmaNuclearPhysics is a subset of G4BertiniElectroNuclearBuilder.
 53 
 54   ElectromagneticPhysics is a simplified version of G4EmStandardPhysics.
 55 
 56   In PhysicsList::ConstructProcess() we give an example of how to access hadronic models.
 57 
 58   Several hadronic physics options are controlled by environment variables.
 59   To select them, see NeutronSource.cc
 60    
 61  3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
 62  
 63    The primary kinematic is a single particle uniformly shooted within the absorber.
 64    The type of the particle and its energy are set in PrimaryGeneratorAction (Am241, at rest),
 65    and can be changed via the G4 build-in commands of ParticleGun class 
 66    (see the macros provided with this example).
 67   
 68  4- PHYSICS
 69 
 70    The program computes and plots energy deposited in the interaction volume
 71    (absorber + container) and the flux of particles leaving this volume.
 72    Processes invoked and particles generated during hadronic cascade are listed.
 73 
 74  5- HISTOGRAMS
 75          
 76    The test contains 13 built-in 1D histograms, which are managed by
 77    G4AnalysisManager and its Messenger. The histos can be individually 
 78    activated with the command :
 79    /analysis/h1/set id nbBins  valMin valMax unit 
 80    where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, etc..)
 81    (see the macros xxxx.mac).
 82    
 83             1     "total energy deposit"
 84             2     "dummy"
 85             3     "total kinetic energy flow"
 86             4     "energy spectrum of emerging gamma"
 87             5     "energy spectrum of emerging e+-"
 88             6     "energy spectrum of emerging neutrons"
 89             7     "energy spectrum of emerging protons"
 90             8     "energy spectrum of emerging deuterons"
 91             9     "energy spectrum of emerging alphas"
 92             10    "energy spectrum of all others emerging ions"
 93             11    "energy spectrum of all others emerging baryons"
 94             12    "energy spectrum of all others emerging mesons"
 95             13    "energy spectrum of all others emerging leptons (neutrinos)" 
 96       
 97    The histograms are managed by the HistoManager class and its Messenger. 
 98    The histos can be individually activated with the command :
 99    /analysis/h1/set id nbBins  valMin valMax unit 
100    where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, deg or mrad, etc..)
101    
102    One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
103    /analysis/setFileName  name  (default NeutronSource)
104    
105    It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
106    xml, csv, by using namespace in HistoManager.hh
107        
108    It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
109    /analysis/h1/setAscii id
110    All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default NeutronSource) 
111           
112  6- VISUALIZATION
113  
114    The Visualization Manager is set in the main().
115    The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
116    /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. To get visualisation:
117    > /control/execute vis.mac
118   
119    The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.   
120    gamma green   
121    neutron yellow
122    negative particles (e-, ...) red
123    positive particles (e+, ions, ...) blue
124   
125  7- HOW TO START ?
126  
127    Execute NeutronSource in 'batch' mode from macro files :
128   % NeutronSource  run1.mac
129   % NeutronSource  neutronSource.in > neutronSource.out
130     
131    Execute NeutronSource in 'interactive mode' with visualization :
132   % NeutronSource
133   Idle> control/execute vis.mac
134   ....
135   Idle> type your commands
136   ....
137   Idle> exit
138   
139  Macros provided in this example:
140   - run1.mac: Am-Be system (default configuration)
141   
142  Macros to be run interactively:
143   - debug.mac: Am-Be
144   - vis.mac: To activate visualization