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1 -------------------------------------------------------------------
2
3 =========================================================
4 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
5 =========================================================
6
7 Hadr05
8 ------
9
10 How to collect energy deposition in a sampling calorimeter.
11 How to survey energy flow.
12 Hadr05 is the hadronic equivalent of TestEm3.
13
14
15 1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION
16
17 The calorimeter is a box made of a given number of layers.
18 A layer consists of a sequence of various absorbers (maximum MaxAbsor=9).
19 The layer is replicated.
20
21 Parameters defining the calorimeter :
22 - the number of layers,
23 - the number of absorbers within a layer,
24 - the material of the absorbers,
25 - the thickness of the absorbers,
26 - the transverse size of the calorimeter (the input face is a square).
27
28 In addition a transverse uniform magnetic field can be applied.
29
30 The default geometry is constructed in DetectorConstruction class, but all
31 of the above parameters can be modified interactively via the commands
32 defined in the DetectorMessenger class.
33
34
35 |<----layer 0---------->|<----layer 1---------->|<----layer 2---------->|
36 | | | | |
37 ==========================================================================
38 || | || | || | ||
39 || | || | || | ||
40 || abs 1 | abs 2 || abs 1 | abs 2 || abs 1 | abs 2 ||
41 || | || | || | ||
42 || | || | || | ||
43 beam || | || | || | ||
44 ======> || | || | || | ||
45 || | || | || | ||
46 || | || | || | ||
47 || | || | || | ||
48 || | || | || | ||
49 || cell 1 | cell 2 || cell 3 | cell 4 || cell 5 | cell 6 ||
50 ==========================================================================
51 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
52 pln1 pln2 pln3 pln4 pln5 pln6 pln7
53
54 NB. The number of absorbers and the number of layers can be set to 1.
55 In this case we have a unique homogeneous block of matter, which looks like
56 a bubble chamber rather than a calorimeter ...
57 (see the macro emtutor.mac)
58
59 A function, and its associated UI command, allows to build a material
60 directly from a single isotope.
61
62 To be identified by the ThermalScattering module, the elements composing a
63 material must have a specific name (see G4ParticleHPThermalScatteringNames.cc)
64 Examples of such materials are build in Hadr06/src/DetectorConstruction.cc
65
66 2- PHYSICS LISTS
67
68 "Full" set of physics processes are registered, but via PhysicsConstructor
69 objects rather than complete pre-defined G4 physics lists. This alternative
70 way gives more freedom to register physics.
71
72 Physics constructors are either constructors provided in Geant4 (with G4 prefix)
73 or 'local'. They include : HadronElastic, HadronInelastic, IonsInelastic,
74 GammaNuclear, RadioactiveDecay and Electomagnetic.
75 (see geant4/source/physics_lists/constructors)
76
77 HadronElasticPhysicsHP include a model for thermalized neutrons,
78 under the control of the command /testhadr/phys/thermalScattering
79
80 GammmaNuclearPhysics is a subset of G4BertiniElectroNuclearBuilder.
81
82 ElectromagneticPhysics is a readable version of G4EmStandardPhysics_opt3.
83
84 Several hadronic physics options are controlled by environment variables.
85 To select them, see Hadr07.cc
86
87 3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
88
89 The primary kinematic consists of a single particle which hits the calorimeter
90 perpendicular to the input face. The type of the particle and its energy are
91 set in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class, and can be changed via the
92 G4 build-in commands of G4ParticleGun class (see the macros provided with this
93 example).
94
95 In addition one can choose randomly the impact point of the incident particle.
96 The corresponding interactive command is built in PrimaryGeneratorAction.
97
98 A RUN is a set of events.
99
100 Hadr05 computes the energy deposited per absorber and the energy flow through
101 the calorimeter.
102
103 4- VISUALIZATION
104
105 The Visualization Manager is set in the main() (see Hadr05.cc).
106 The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands :
107 /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. In interactive session:
108 PreInit or Idle > /control/execute vis.mac
109
110 The default view is a longitudinal view of the calorimeter.
111
112 5- PHYSICS DEMO
113
114 The particle's type and the physics processes which will be available
115 in this example are set in PhysicsList class.
116
117 In addition a built-in interactive command (/process/inactivate processName)
118 allows to activate/inactivate the processes one by one.
119 Then one can well visualize the processes one by one, especially
120 in the bubble chamber setup with a transverse magnetic field.
121
122 6- HOW TO START ?
123
124 - Execute Hadr05 in 'batch' mode from macro files
125 % Hadr05 Cu-lAr.mac
126
127 - Execute Hadr05 in 'interactive mode' with visualization
128 % Hadr05
129 ....
130 Idle> type your commands. For instance:
131 Idle> /control/execute vis.mac
132 ....
133 Idle> exit
134
135 Macros provided in this example:
136 - hadr05.in: macro used in Geant4 testing
137 - Fe-Sci.mac, Cu-lAr.mac, Pb-lAr.mac, W-lAr.mac : names are self explanatory
138 - Pb-lAr-em.mac : electromagnetic calorimeter
139 - emtest.mac, emtutor.mac : to be run interactively
140 - vis.mac: to activate visualization
141
142 7- HISTOGRAMS
143
144 Hadr05 can produce histograms :
145 histo 1 : energy deposit in absorber 1
146 histo 2 : energy deposit in absorber 2
147 ...etc...........
148
149 histo 11 : longitudinal profile of energy deposit in absorber 1 (MeV/event)
150 histo 12 : longitudinal profile of energy deposit in absorber 2 (MeV/event)
151 ...etc...........
152
153 histo 21 : energy flow (MeV/event)
154
155 histo 22 : total energy deposited
156 histo 23 : total energy leakage
157 histo 24 : total energy released : Edep + Eleak
158
159 NB. Numbering scheme for histograms:
160 layer : from 1 to NbOfLayers (included)
161 absorbers : from 1 to NbOfAbsor (included)
162 planes : from 1 to NbOfLayers*NbOfAbsor + 1 (included)
163
164 One can control the binning of the histo with the command:
165 /analysis/h1/set idAbsor nbin Emin Emax unit
166 where unit is the desired energy unit for that histo
167
168 One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
169 /analysis/setFileName name (default hadr05)
170
171 It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
172 xml, csv, by using namespace in HistoManager.hh
173
174 It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
175 /analysis/h1/setAscii id
176 All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default hadr05)
177
