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1 -------------------------------------------------------------------
2
3 =========================================================
4 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
5 =========================================================
6
7 TestEm2
8 -------
9
10 How to do shower profiles in an homogenous medium, with virtual
11 voxelisation.
12
13 1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION
14
15 The geometry consists of a cylinder of homogenous material.
16
17 The default geometry is constructed in DetectorConstruction class,
18 but all of the above parameters can be modified interactively via
19 the commands defined in the DetectorMessenger class.
20
21 Material can be choosen: Air Water lAr Al Fe BGO PbWO4 Pb.
22 eg: /testem/det/setMat PbWO4
23
24 The cylinder is virtually sliced longitudinally (slice) and radially
25 (ring). The size of the slices and rings are expressed in radiation
26 length units and can be changed.
27 eg: /testem/det/setLbin 20 1. ---> 20 slices of 1. radl
28 /testem/det/setRbin 5 0.25 ---> 5 rings of 0.25 radl
29 /testem/det/update ---> rebuild the geometry
30
31 (MaxBin = 500 in both directions)
32
33 An uniform magnetic field along the cylinder axis can be set.
34 eg: /globalField/setValue 0 0 5 tesla
35
36 2- PHYSICS LISTS
37
38 Physics lists are based on modular design. Several modules are instantiated:
39 1. Transportation
40 2. EM physics
41 3. Decays
42 4. StepMax - for step limitation
43
44 EM physics builders can be local (eg. in this example) or from G4 kernel
45 physics_lists subdirectory.
46
47 Local physics builders:
48 - "local" standard EM physics with current 'best' options setting.
49 these options are explicited in PhysListEmStandard
50
51 From geant4/source/physics_lists/builders:
52 - "emstandard_opt0" recommended standard EM physics for LHC
53 - "emstandard_opt1" best CPU performance standard physics for LHC
54 - "emstandard_opt2" similar fast simulation
55 - "emstandard_opt3" best standard EM options - analog to "local" above
56 - "emstandard_opt4" best current advanced EM options standard + lowenergy
57 - "emstandardWVI" standard EM physics and WentzelVI multiple scattering
58 - "emstandardSS" standard EM physics and single scattering model
59 - "emlivermore" low-energy EM physics using Livermore data
60 - "empenelope" low-energy EM physics implementing Penelope models
61 - "emlowenergy" low-energy EM physics implementing experimental
62 low-energy models
63
64 Physics lists and options can be (re)set with UI commands
65
66 3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
67
68 The primary kinematic consists of a single particle which hits the
69 cylinder perpendicular to the input face. The type of the particle
70 and its energy are set in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class, and can
71 changed via the G4 build-in commands of G4ParticleGun class (see
72 the macros provided with this example).
73
74 A RUN is a set of events.
75
76 4- VISUALIZATION
77
78 The Visualization Manager is set in the main() (see TestEm2.cc).
79 The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
80 /vis/.. in the macro vis.mac. In interactive session:
81 PreInit or Idle > /control/execute vis.mac
82
83 The detector has a default view which is a longitudinal view of the
84 cylinder.
85
86 The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.
87 Optionally one can choose to draw all particles, only the charged one,
88 or none. This command is defined in EventActionMessenger class.
89
90 5- PHYSICS DEMO
91
92 The particle's type and the physics processes which will be available
93 in this example are set in PhysicsList class.
94
95 In addition a build-in interactive command (/process/inactivate procname)
96 allows to activate/inactivate the processes one by one.
97
98 The threshold for producing secondaries can be changed.
99 eg: /testem/phys/setCuts 100 microm
100 /run/initialize
101
102 The shower profiles are histogramed, if histograming is activated.
103 They can be also printed with the command /testem/run/verbose 1
104
105 6- HOW TO START ?
106
107 - Execute TestEm2 in 'batch' mode from macro files
108 % TestEm2 run01.mac
109
110 - Execute TestEm2 in 'batch' mode using multi-threading
111 % TestEm2 run01.mac 4
112 here 4 is number of threads, it should be user defined,
113 optimal value depends on hardware
114
115 - Execute TestEm2 in 'interactive mode' with visualization
116 % TestEm2
117 ....
118 Idle> type your commands
119 ....
120 Idle> exit
121
122
123 Macros provided in this example:
124 - egs4.mac:
125 Fe; L = 20 radl; R = 5 radl; electron 30 GeV
126 (EGS4 simulation: Particle Data Group - Phys.Rev.D 50-3 - August94)
127 - run01.mac: PbWO4; L = 20 radl; R = 5 radl; electron 5 GeV
128 - run02.mac: Al; L = 13.5 radl; R = 1.35 radl; electron 1 GeV
129 (Electron-induced cascade showers: J&H Crannel - Phys. Rev. 184-2 - August69)
130 - run03.mac: H2O; L = 9.97 radl; R = 0.665 radl; electron 1 GeV
131 (Electron-induced cascade showers: J&H Crannel - Phys. Rev. 184-2 - August69)
132 - test.mac: PbWO4; L = 20 radl; R = 5 radl; electron 5 GeV
133 - stepMax.mac: chargedgeantino in PbWO4; To illustrate step max mechanism;
134 - vis.mac: to activate visualization
135
136 7- HISTOGRAMS
137
138 TestEm2 produces several histograms:
139
140 Content of these histo:
141
142 1 : energy deposit per event
143 2 : charged track length per event
144 3 : neutral track length per event
145
146 4 : longitudinal energy profile
147 5 : rms of longitudinal energy profile
148 6 : cumulated longitudinal energy profile
149 7 : rms of cumulated longitudinal energy profile
150
151 8 : radial energy profile
152 9 : rms of radial energy profile
153 10 : cumulated radial energy profile
154 11 : rms of cumulated radial energy profile
155
156 To define the output file name with histograms, use the UI command :
157
158 "/analysis/setFileName name"
159
160 The format of the histogram file can be : root (default),
161 xml, csv, by selecting g4nnn.hh in RunAction.hh
162
