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1 -------------------------------------------------------------------
2
3 =========================================================
4 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
5 =========================================================
6
7 TestEm18
8 --------
9 This example allows to study the various contributions of the energy lost
10 by a charged particle in a single layer of an homogeneous material.
11 See any textbook of interactions of charged particles with matter, in particular :
12 1- geant4.web.cern.ch --> UserSupport --> Physics Reference Manual
13 2- lappweb.in2p3.fr/~maire/tutorials/index.html
14
15 1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION
16
17 It is a simple cubic box of homogeneous material.
18 Two parameters define the geometry :
19 - the material of the box,
20 - the thickness of the box.
21
22 The default geometry (1 cm of water) is constructed in DetectorConstruction,
23 but the above parameters can be changed interactively via the commands
24 defined in DetectorMessenger.
25
26 2- PHYSICS
27
28 The physics list contains the 'standard' electromagnetic processes.
29 However the MultipleScattering is not registered, in order to focuse on
30 fluctuations of to energy loss alone.
31
32 3- BEAM
33
34 The primary kinematic is a single particle starting at the edge
35 of the box. The type of the particle and its energy are set in
36 PrimaryGeneratorAction (e- 10 MeV), and can be changed via the G4
37 build-in commands of ParticleGun class.
38
39 4- RUN
40
41 During the tracking of the incident particle, by default, the secondary
42 particles are immediately killed, after that their energy has been registered
43 (see SteppingAction and StackingAction).
44 Therefore, we study here the various components of the total energy lost
45 by the incident particle, not the energy deposited in a layer of finite
46 thickness.
47 With the option /testEm/trackSecondaries one can compute and plot the energy
48 deposited in the layer. See edep.mac
49
50 At EndOfRun, the above results are compared with 'reference' values,
51 i.e. the input data read from EnergyLoss and Range tables.
52 See reference 2 : Energy-Range relation, slide 4.
53
54 5- HISTOGRAMS
55
56 The test contains 13 built-in 1D histograms, which are managed by
57 G4AnalysisManager and its Messenger.
58
59 1 step size of primary track
60 2 energy continuously deposited along primary track
61 3 energy transfered to secondaries by ionisation
62 4 energy transfered to secondaries by Bremsstrahlung
63 5 energy transfered to secondaries by (e+,e-) production
64 6 total energy transfered to secondaries
65 7 total energy lost by primary track
66 8 total energy lost by primary track from energy balance
67 9 energy continuously deposited along secondary tracks
68 10 total energy deposited
69 11 energy spectrum of gamma
70 12 energy spectrum of e-
71 13 energy spectrum of e+
72
73 The histograms are defined in HistoManager.
74
75 The histos can be activated individually with the command :
76 /analysis/h1/set id nbBins valMin valMax unit
77 where 'unit' is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or KeV, cm or mm, etc..)
78
79 One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
80 /analysis/setFileName name (default testem18)
81
82 It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
83 xml, csv, by using namespace in HistoManager.hh
84 For convenience, few simple Root macros are provided : plotHisto.C pixe.C
85 It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
86 /analysis/h1/setAscii id
87 All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default testem18)
88
89 6- VISUALIZATION
90
91 The Visualization Manager is set in the main().
92 The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
93 /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. To get visualisation:
94 > /control/execute vis.mac
95
96 The detector has a default view which is a longitudinal view of the box.
97 The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.
98
99 7- HOW TO START ?
100
101 execute TestEm18 in 'batch' mode from macro files :
102 % TestEm18 electron.mac
103
104 execute TestEm18 in 'interactive mode' with visualization :
105 % TestEm18
106 Idle> control/execute vis.mac
107 ....
108 Idle> type your commands
109 ....
110 Idle> exit
111
112 Macros provided in this example:
113 - csda.mac: test independance of user step max
114 - edep.mac: track secondary particles and plot energy deposited
115 - electron.mac: e- (10 MeV) on 1 cm of water
116 - ion.mac: ion C12 (4 GeV) on 1 cm of water
117 - muon.mac: mu+ (1 TeV) on 1 m of water
118 - pixe.mac: proton (20 MeV) on 50 um of gold. Plot gamma pixe
119 - proton.mac: proton (1 GeV) on 10 cm of water
120 - plotHisto.C, pixe.C: Root macros
121
122 Macros to be run interactively:
123 - vis.mac: To activate visualization
