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1 -------------------------------------------------------------------
2
3 =========================================================
4 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
5 =========================================================
6
7 TestEm12
8 --------
9
10
11 How to plot a depth dose profile in spherical geometry.
12
13
14 1- GEOMETRY DEFINITION
15
16 The geometry consists of a single sphere of an homogenous material.
17 Optionally, the sphere can be divided in thin shells.
18
19 3 parameters define the geometry :
20 - the material of the sphere,
21 - the radius of the sphere (absorRadius),
22 - the number of shells (nbOfLayers)
23
24 In addition a transverse uniform magnetic field can be applied.
25
26 The default geometry is constructed in DetectorConstruction class,
27 but all of the above parameters can be changed interactively via
28 the commands defined in the DetectorMessenger class.
29
30 2- PHYSICS LIST
31
32 Physics Lists are based on modular design. Several modules are instantiated:
33 1. Transportation
34 2. EM physics
35 3. Decays
36 4. StepMax - for step limitation
37
38 The following options for EM physics using builders from physics_lists
39 sub-package are available:
40 - "emstandard_opt0" recommended standard EM physics for LHC
41 - "emstandard_opt1" best CPU performance standard physics for LHC
42 - "emstandard_opt2" similar fast simulation
43 - "emstandard_opt3" best standard EM options - analog to "local" above
44 - "emstandard_opt4" best current advanced EM options standard + lowenergy
45 - "emstandardWVI" standard EM physics and WentzelVI multiple scattering
46 - "emstandardSS" standard EM physics and single scattering model
47 - "emstandardGS" standard EM physics and Goudsmit-Saunderson multiple scatt.
48 - "emlivermore" low-energy EM physics using Livermore data
49 - "empenelope" low-energy EM physics implementing Penelope models
50 - "emlowenergy" low-energy EM physics implementing experimental
51 low-energy models
52 - "dna" process and models for Geant4-DNA
53 - "dna_opt1" process and models for Geant4-DNA
54 - "dna_opt2" process and models for Geant4-DNA
55 - "dna_opt3" process and models for Geant4-DNA
56 - "dna_opt4" process and models for Geant4-DNA
57 - "dna_opt5" process and models for Geant4-DNA
58 - "dna_opt6" process and models for Geant4-DNA
59 - "dna_opt7" process and models for Geant4-DNA
60
61 A local builder, PhysListEmStandard "local" (similar to opt0) is also
62 available.
63
64 Physics lists and options can be (re)set with UI commands
65
66 3- AN EVENT : THE PRIMARY GENERATOR
67
68 The primary kinematic consists of a single particle randomly shot at
69 the centre of the sphere. The type of the particle and its energy are set
70 in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class, and can be changed via the G4
71 built-in commands of ParticleGun class (see the macros provided with
72 this example).
73
74 In addition one can deactivate the randomness of the direction of the
75 incident particle. The corresponding interactive command is built in
76 PrimaryGeneratorMessenger class.
77
78 A RUN is a set of events.
79
80 4- VISUALIZATION
81
82 The Visualization Manager is set in the main().
83 The initialisation of the drawing is done via the commands
84 /vis/... in the macro vis.mac. To get visualisation:
85 > /control/execute vis.mac
86
87 The detector has a default view which is a longitudinal view of the
88 box.
89
90 The tracks are drawn at the end of event, and erased at the end of run.
91 Optionally one can choose to draw all particles, only the charged ones,
92 or none. This command is defined in EventActionMessenger class.
93
94 5- HOW TO START ?
95
96 - execute TestEm12 in 'batch' mode from macro files
97 % TestEm12 run01.mac
98
99 - execute TestEm12 in 'interactive mode' with visualization
100 % TestEm12
101 ....
102 Idle> type your commands
103 ....
104 Idle> exit
105
106 Macros provided in this example:
107 - berger.mac: e- (100 keV) on water
108 - dna.mac: e- (1 keV) on water. DNA physics list
109 - run01.mac: e- (4 MeV) on water. Step max from histos 1 and 8
110 - run02.mac: e- (4 MeV) on water. Step max from geometry
111
112 Macros to be run interactively:
113 - vis.mac: To activate visualization
114
115 6- TRACKING and STEP MAX
116
117 TestDm12 computes the total energy deposited along the trajectory of
118 the incident particle : the so-called longitudinal energy profile,
119 or depth dose distribution.
120 The energy deposited (edep) is randomly distributed along the step (see
121 SteppingAction).
122
123 In order to control the accuracy of the deposition, the maximum step size
124 of charged particles is computed automatically from the binning of
125 histograms 1 and 8 (see RunAction).
126
127 As an example, this limitation is implemented as a 'full' process :
128 see StepMax class and its Messenger. The 'StepMax process' is registered
129 in the Physics List.
130
131 StepMax is evaluated in RunAction::BeginOfRun() and passed
132 to the StepMax process.
133 A boolean UI command allows to deactivate this mechanism.
134 Another UI command allows to define directly a stepMax value.
135
136 7- HISTOGRAMS
137
138 Testem12 has several predefined 1D histograms :
139
140 1 : energy profile dE/dr (in MeV/mm per event)
141 2 : total energy deposited in the absorber
142 3 : total track length of the primary track
143 4 : step size of the primary track
144 5 : projected range of the primary track
145 6 : total track length of charged secondary tracks
146 7 : step size of charged secondary tracks
147 8 : normalized energy profile d(E/E0)/d(r/r0), where r0 is the range of
148 the primary particle of energy E0
149
150 The histograms are managed by G4AnalysisManager class and its Messenger.
151 The histos can be individually activated with the command :
152 /analysis/h1/set id nbBins valMin valMax unit
153 where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, deg or mrad, etc..)
154
155 One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
156 /analysis/setFileName name (default testem12)
157
158 It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
159 xml, csv, by using namespace in HistoManager.hh
160
161 It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
162 /analysis/h1/setAscii id
163 All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default testem12)
