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1
2 =========================================================
3 Geant4 - ULTRA-based air shower example
4 =========================================================
5
6 README
7 ---------------------
8
9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 ----> Introduction.
11
12 The ULTRA detector is a hybrid 2-component system consisting of:
13
14
15 1) an UV detection system - the UVscope
16 2) an array of scintillator detectors - the ETscope
17
18 The UVscope detects Cherenkov light associated to cosmic ray showers
19 when it is diffusively reflected on ground.
20 The ETscope detects in coincidence the charged particles of the shower.
21
22 In the current version only the UVscope simulation is included
23 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 ----> Description
25
26 The UVscope consists of a Fresnel lens and a PMT located in the focal
27 plane, enclosed in a cylindrical aluminum housing. The lens is 457 mm
28 in diameter and is made of UV transmitting acrylic with 5.6 grooves
29 per mm. The description of the geometry of the Fresnel lens makes use
30 of object parameterisation/replication capabilities.
31
32 The primary vertex generator describes a plane circular source of UV
33 (3eV, about 400 nm) optical photons.
34 Depending on the selected detector configuration, the source can be
35 positioned such that the photons are fired
36 to a reflecting surface or, by default, directly to the UVscope
37 (no reflecting surface is present in this case).
38 Reflection at the surface can be chosen to be specular or diffuse.
39 In both cases the normal to the surface makes an angle of 45 degrees
40 with the UVscope axis and the photons are emitted at an angle of
41 90 degrees with the UVscope axis.
42 If none of these variables is set no reflecting surface is used
43 and the photons source is positioned at the UVscope axis.
44
45 The definition of the relevant optical boundaries, parameters and
46 processes is made.
47
48 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
49 ----> SET-UP
50
51 A standard Geant4 example GNUmakefile and a CMakeLists.txt file are
52 provided, for building with cmake
53
54 The following environment variable can be set in order to get
55 additional verbosity during program running:
56
57 1) GNUmakefile
58
59 setenv ULTRA_VERBOSE
60
61 or
62
63 2) cmake -DULTRA_VERBOSE=ON "path to source"
64
65
66 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
67
68 The analysis is performed using the native Geant4 analysis tools
69 (g4tools). In the default case, the output histograms are written
70 in a ROOT file.
71
72 The output file can be written in other formats (csv, xml, hdf5) by
73 changing the G4AnalysisManager default file type in UltraRunAction::BeginOfRunAction().
74
75 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
76 ----> How to run the example.
77
78 From the directory where the Ultra binary resides :
79
80 ./Ultra "macro name" for running in batch mode
81
82 ./Ultra for running in interative mode.
83 The macro VisDirect.mac is executed.
84
85 Several macros are available for interactive visualisation.
86 While in interactive mode type the command
87 /control/execute "name_of_macro",
88 where "name_of_macro" is one of the following:
89
90 Direct.mac - a beam of photons is shot directly to the telescope.
91 Mirror.mac - the beam is directed to a specular reflecing surface
92 Ground.mac - the beam is directed to a diffusively reflecting surface
93
94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
95 ----> Simulation output
96
97 the output is ultra.root
98 It contains:
99 1)1Dhistogram with the detected photons energy (eV)
100 2)1Dhistogram with the number of detected photons per event
101
102
103 To plot these histograms run the ROOT macro 'do_plots.C' :
104 > root do_plots.C
105 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
106
107 for comments and questions: bernardo@lip.pt
108 for more info http://www.ge.infn.it/geant4/examples/
109
110 last modified: B. Tome 08/11/2019
111 created by : B. Tome and M.C. Espirito Santo 20/05/2004
