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Please see the license in the file LICENSE and URL above * 16 // * for the full disclaimer and the limitatio 16 // * for the full disclaimer and the limitation of liability. * 17 // * 17 // * * 18 // * This code implementation is the result 18 // * This code implementation is the result of the scientific and * 19 // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboratio 19 // * technical work of the GEANT4 collaboration. * 20 // * By using, copying, modifying or distri 20 // * By using, copying, modifying or distributing the software (or * 21 // * any work based on the software) you ag 21 // * any work based on the software) you agree to acknowledge its * 22 // * use in resulting scientific publicati 22 // * use in resulting scientific publications, and indicate your * 23 // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Sof 23 // * acceptance of all terms of the Geant4 Software license. * 24 // ******************************************* 24 // ******************************************************************** 25 // 25 // 26 // 26 // 27 // ------------------------------------------- 27 // ------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 // 28 // 29 // GEANT4 Class file 29 // GEANT4 Class file 30 // 30 // 31 // 31 // 32 // File name: G4EmSaturation 32 // File name: G4EmSaturation 33 // 33 // 34 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko 34 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko 35 // 35 // 36 // Creation date: 18.02.2008 36 // Creation date: 18.02.2008 37 // 37 // 38 // Modifications: 38 // Modifications: 39 // 39 // 40 // ------------------------------------------- 40 // ------------------------------------------------------------- 41 41 42 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 42 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 43 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 43 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 44 44 45 #include "G4EmSaturation.hh" 45 #include "G4EmSaturation.hh" 46 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" 46 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" 47 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 47 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" 48 #include "G4LossTableManager.hh" 48 #include "G4LossTableManager.hh" 49 #include "G4NistManager.hh" 49 #include "G4NistManager.hh" 50 #include "G4Material.hh" 50 #include "G4Material.hh" 51 #include "G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh" 51 #include "G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh" 52 #include "G4ParticleTable.hh" 52 #include "G4ParticleTable.hh" 53 53 54 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 54 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 55 55 56 std::size_t G4EmSaturation::nMaterials = 0; 56 std::size_t G4EmSaturation::nMaterials = 0; 57 std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::massFact 57 std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::massFactors; 58 std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::effCharg 58 std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::effCharges; 59 std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::g4MatDat 59 std::vector<G4double> G4EmSaturation::g4MatData; 60 std::vector<G4String> G4EmSaturation::g4MatNam 60 std::vector<G4String> G4EmSaturation::g4MatNames; 61 61 62 G4EmSaturation::G4EmSaturation(G4int verb) 62 G4EmSaturation::G4EmSaturation(G4int verb) 63 { 63 { 64 verbose = verb; 64 verbose = verb; 65 nWarnings = nG4Birks = 0; 65 nWarnings = nG4Birks = 0; 66 66 67 electron = nullptr; 67 electron = nullptr; 68 proton = nullptr; 68 proton = nullptr; 69 nist = G4NistManager::Instance(); 69 nist = G4NistManager::Instance(); 70 InitialiseG4Saturation(); 70 InitialiseG4Saturation(); 71 } 71 } 72 72 73 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 73 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 74 74 75 G4EmSaturation::~G4EmSaturation() = default; 75 G4EmSaturation::~G4EmSaturation() = default; 76 76 77 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 77 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 78 78 79 G4double G4EmSaturation::VisibleEnergyDepositi 79 G4double G4EmSaturation::VisibleEnergyDeposition( 80 const G4 80 const G4ParticleDefinition* p, 81 const G4 81 const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple, 82 G4double 82 G4double length, 83 G4double 83 G4double edep, 84 G4double 84 G4double niel) const 85 { 85 { 86 // no energy deposition 86 // no energy deposition 87 if(edep <= 0.0) { return 0.0; } 87 if(edep <= 0.0) { return 0.0; } 88 88 89 // zero step length may happens only if step 89 // zero step length may happens only if step limiter process 90 // is applied, in that case saturation shoul 90 // is applied, in that case saturation should not be applied 91 if(length <= 0.0) { return edep; } 91 if(length <= 0.0) { return edep; } 92 92 93 G4double evis = edep; 93 G4double evis = edep; 94 G4double bfactor = couple->GetMaterial()->Ge 94 G4double bfactor = couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetBirksConstant(); 95 95 96 if(bfactor > 0.0) { 96 if(bfactor > 0.0) { 97 97 98 // atomic relaxations for gamma incident 98 // atomic relaxations for gamma incident 99 if(22 == p->GetPDGEncoding()) { 99 if(22 == p->GetPDGEncoding()) { 100 //G4cout << "%% gamma edep= " << edep/ke 100 //G4cout << "%% gamma edep= " << edep/keV << " keV " << G4endl; 101 evis /= (1.0 + bfactor*edep/ 101 evis /= (1.0 + bfactor*edep/ 102 G4LossTableManager::Instance()->GetRan 102 G4LossTableManager::Instance()->GetRange(electron,edep,couple)); 103 103 104 // energy loss 104 // energy loss 105 } else { 105 } else { 106 106 107 // protections 107 // protections 108 G4double nloss = std::max(niel, 0.0); 108 G4double nloss = std::max(niel, 0.0); 109 G4double eloss = edep - nloss; 109 G4double eloss = edep - nloss; 110 110 111 // neutrons and neutral hadrons 111 // neutrons and neutral hadrons 112 if(0.0 == p->GetPDGCharge() || eloss < 0 112 if(0.0 == p->GetPDGCharge() || eloss < 0.0) { 113 nloss = edep; 113 nloss = edep; 114 eloss = 0.0; 114 eloss = 0.0; 115 } else { 115 } else { 116 116 117 // continues energy loss 117 // continues energy loss 118 eloss /= (1.0 + bfactor*eloss/length); 118 eloss /= (1.0 + bfactor*eloss/length); 119 } 119 } 120 // non-ionizing energy loss 120 // non-ionizing energy loss 121 if(nloss > 0.0) { 121 if(nloss > 0.0) { 122 std::size_t idx = couple->GetMaterial( 122 std::size_t idx = couple->GetMaterial()->GetIndex(); 123 G4double escaled = nloss*massFactors[i 123 G4double escaled = nloss*massFactors[idx]; 124 /* 124 /* 125 G4cout << "%% p edep= " << nloss/keV < 125 G4cout << "%% p edep= " << nloss/keV << " keV Escaled= " 126 << escaled << " MeV in " << co 126 << escaled << " MeV in " << couple->GetMaterial()->GetName() 127 << " " << p->GetParticleName() 127 << " " << p->GetParticleName() 128 << G4endl; 128 << G4endl; 129 G4cout << proton->GetParticleName() << G4end 129 G4cout << proton->GetParticleName() << G4endl; 130 */ 130 */ 131 G4double range = G4LossTableManager::I 131 G4double range = G4LossTableManager::Instance() 132 ->GetRange(proton,escaled,couple)/ef 132 ->GetRange(proton,escaled,couple)/effCharges[idx]; 133 nloss /= (1.0 + bfactor*nloss/range); 133 nloss /= (1.0 + bfactor*nloss/range); 134 } 134 } 135 evis = eloss + nloss; 135 evis = eloss + nloss; 136 } 136 } 137 } 137 } 138 return evis; 138 return evis; 139 } 139 } 140 140 141 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 141 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 142 142 143 void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseG4Saturation() 143 void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseG4Saturation() 144 { 144 { 145 if(nMaterials == G4Material::GetNumberOfMate 145 if(nMaterials == G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterials()) { return; } 146 nMaterials = G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterial 146 nMaterials = G4Material::GetNumberOfMaterials(); 147 massFactors.resize(nMaterials, 1.0); 147 massFactors.resize(nMaterials, 1.0); 148 effCharges.resize(nMaterials, 1.0); 148 effCharges.resize(nMaterials, 1.0); 149 149 150 if(0 == nG4Birks) { InitialiseG4materials() 150 if(0 == nG4Birks) { InitialiseG4materials(); } 151 151 152 for(std::size_t i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) { 152 for(std::size_t i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) { 153 InitialiseBirksCoefficient((*G4Material::G 153 InitialiseBirksCoefficient((*G4Material::GetMaterialTable())[i]); 154 } 154 } 155 if(verbose > 0) { DumpBirksCoefficients(); } 155 if(verbose > 0) { DumpBirksCoefficients(); } 156 } 156 } 157 157 158 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 158 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 159 159 160 G4double G4EmSaturation::FindG4BirksCoefficien 160 G4double G4EmSaturation::FindG4BirksCoefficient(const G4Material* mat) 161 { 161 { 162 if(0 == nG4Birks) { InitialiseG4materials() 162 if(0 == nG4Birks) { InitialiseG4materials(); } 163 163 164 G4String name = mat->GetName(); 164 G4String name = mat->GetName(); 165 // is this material in the vector? 165 // is this material in the vector? 166 166 167 for(G4int j=0; j<nG4Birks; ++j) { 167 for(G4int j=0; j<nG4Birks; ++j) { 168 if(name == g4MatNames[j]) { 168 if(name == g4MatNames[j]) { 169 if(verbose > 0) 169 if(verbose > 0) 170 G4cout << "### G4EmSaturation::FindG4B 170 G4cout << "### G4EmSaturation::FindG4BirksCoefficient for " 171 << name << " is " << g4MatData[ 171 << name << " is " << g4MatData[j]*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV " 172 << G4endl; 172 << G4endl; 173 return g4MatData[j]; 173 return g4MatData[j]; 174 } 174 } 175 } 175 } 176 return 0.0; 176 return 0.0; 177 } 177 } 178 178 179 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 179 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 180 180 181 void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseBirksCoefficien 181 void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseBirksCoefficient(const G4Material* mat) 182 { 182 { 183 // electron and proton should exist in any c 183 // electron and proton should exist in any case 184 if(nullptr == electron) { 184 if(nullptr == electron) { 185 electron = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTab 185 electron = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->FindParticle("e-"); 186 proton = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable 186 proton = G4ParticleTable::GetParticleTable()->FindParticle("proton"); 187 if(nullptr == electron) { 187 if(nullptr == electron) { 188 G4Exception("G4EmSaturation::InitialiseB 188 G4Exception("G4EmSaturation::InitialiseBirksCoefficient", "em0001", 189 FatalException, "electron should exist") 189 FatalException, "electron should exist"); 190 } 190 } 191 } 191 } 192 192 193 G4double curBirks = mat->GetIonisation()->Ge 193 G4double curBirks = mat->GetIonisation()->GetBirksConstant(); 194 194 195 G4String name = mat->GetName(); 195 G4String name = mat->GetName(); 196 196 197 // material has no Birks coeffitient defined 197 // material has no Birks coeffitient defined 198 // seach in the Geant4 list 198 // seach in the Geant4 list 199 if(curBirks == 0.0) { 199 if(curBirks == 0.0) { 200 for(G4int j=0; j<nG4Birks; ++j) { 200 for(G4int j=0; j<nG4Birks; ++j) { 201 if(name == g4MatNames[j]) { 201 if(name == g4MatNames[j]) { 202 mat->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant 202 mat->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant(g4MatData[j]); 203 curBirks = g4MatData[j]; 203 curBirks = g4MatData[j]; 204 break; 204 break; 205 } 205 } 206 } 206 } 207 } 207 } 208 208 209 if(curBirks == 0.0) { return; } 209 if(curBirks == 0.0) { return; } 210 210 211 // compute mean mass ratio 211 // compute mean mass ratio 212 G4double curRatio = 0.0; 212 G4double curRatio = 0.0; 213 G4double curChargeSq = 0.0; 213 G4double curChargeSq = 0.0; 214 G4double norm = 0.0; 214 G4double norm = 0.0; 215 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = ma 215 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = mat->GetElementVector(); 216 const G4double* theAtomNumDensityVector = ma 216 const G4double* theAtomNumDensityVector = mat->GetVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume(); 217 std::size_t nelm = mat->GetNumberOfElements( 217 std::size_t nelm = mat->GetNumberOfElements(); 218 for (std::size_t i=0; i<nelm; ++i) { 218 for (std::size_t i=0; i<nelm; ++i) { 219 const G4Element* elm = (*theElementVector) 219 const G4Element* elm = (*theElementVector)[i]; 220 G4int Z = elm->GetZasInt(); << 220 G4double Z = elm->GetZ(); 221 G4double w = theAtomNumDensityVector[i]; << 221 G4double w = Z*Z*theAtomNumDensityVector[i]; 222 curRatio += w/nist->GetAtomicMassAmu(Z); << 222 curRatio += w/nist->GetAtomicMassAmu(G4int(Z)); 223 curChargeSq += (Z*Z)*w; << 223 curChargeSq = Z*Z*w; 224 norm += w; 224 norm += w; 225 } 225 } 226 if ( norm > 0.0) { norm = 1.0/norm; } << 226 curRatio *= proton_mass_c2/norm; 227 curRatio *= (CLHEP::proton_mass_c2*norm); << 227 curChargeSq /= norm; 228 curChargeSq *= norm; << 229 228 230 // store results 229 // store results 231 std::size_t idx = mat->GetIndex(); 230 std::size_t idx = mat->GetIndex(); 232 massFactors[idx] = curRatio; 231 massFactors[idx] = curRatio; 233 effCharges[idx] = curChargeSq; 232 effCharges[idx] = curChargeSq; 234 } 233 } 235 234 236 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 235 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 237 236 238 void G4EmSaturation::DumpBirksCoefficients() 237 void G4EmSaturation::DumpBirksCoefficients() 239 { 238 { 240 G4cout << "### Birks coefficients used in ru 239 G4cout << "### Birks coefficients used in run time" << G4endl; 241 const G4MaterialTable* mtable = G4Material:: 240 const G4MaterialTable* mtable = G4Material::GetMaterialTable(); 242 for(std::size_t i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) { 241 for(std::size_t i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) { 243 const G4Material* mat = (*mtable)[i]; 242 const G4Material* mat = (*mtable)[i]; 244 G4double br = mat->GetIonisation()->GetBir 243 G4double br = mat->GetIonisation()->GetBirksConstant(); 245 if(br > 0.0) { 244 if(br > 0.0) { 246 G4cout << " " << mat->GetName() << " 245 G4cout << " " << mat->GetName() << " " 247 << br*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV" << " " 246 << br*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV" << " " 248 << br*mat->GetDensity()*MeV*cm2/g 247 << br*mat->GetDensity()*MeV*cm2/g 249 << " g/cm^2/MeV massFactor= " << mass 248 << " g/cm^2/MeV massFactor= " << massFactors[i] 250 << " effCharge= " << effCharges[i] << G 249 << " effCharge= " << effCharges[i] << G4endl; 251 } 250 } 252 } 251 } 253 } 252 } 254 253 255 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 254 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 256 255 257 void G4EmSaturation::DumpG4BirksCoefficients() 256 void G4EmSaturation::DumpG4BirksCoefficients() 258 { 257 { 259 if(nG4Birks > 0) { 258 if(nG4Birks > 0) { 260 G4cout << "### Birks coefficients for Gean 259 G4cout << "### Birks coefficients for Geant4 materials" << G4endl; 261 for(G4int i=0; i<nG4Birks; ++i) { 260 for(G4int i=0; i<nG4Birks; ++i) { 262 G4cout << " " << g4MatNames[i] << " 261 G4cout << " " << g4MatNames[i] << " " 263 << g4MatData[i]*MeV/mm << " mm/Me 262 << g4MatData[i]*MeV/mm << " mm/MeV" << G4endl; 264 } 263 } 265 } 264 } 266 } 265 } 267 266 268 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 267 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 269 268 270 void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseG4materials() 269 void G4EmSaturation::InitialiseG4materials() 271 { 270 { 272 nG4Birks = 4; 271 nG4Birks = 4; 273 g4MatData.reserve(nG4Birks); 272 g4MatData.reserve(nG4Birks); 274 273 275 // M.Hirschberg et al., IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci 274 // M.Hirschberg et al., IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. 39 (1992) 511 276 // SCSN-38 kB = 0.00842 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 1. 275 // SCSN-38 kB = 0.00842 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 1.06 g/cm^3 277 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_POLYSTYRENE"); 276 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_POLYSTYRENE"); 278 g4MatData.push_back(0.07943*mm/MeV); 277 g4MatData.push_back(0.07943*mm/MeV); 279 278 280 // C.Fabjan (private communication) 279 // C.Fabjan (private communication) 281 // kB = 0.006 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 7.13 g/cm^3 280 // kB = 0.006 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 7.13 g/cm^3 282 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_BGO"); 281 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_BGO"); 283 g4MatData.push_back(0.008415*mm/MeV); 282 g4MatData.push_back(0.008415*mm/MeV); 284 283 285 // A.Ribon analysis of publications 284 // A.Ribon analysis of publications 286 // Scallettar et al., Phys. Rev. A25 (1982) 285 // Scallettar et al., Phys. Rev. A25 (1982) 2419. 287 // NIM A 523 (2004) 275. 286 // NIM A 523 (2004) 275. 288 // kB = 0.022 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 1.396 g/cm^3 287 // kB = 0.022 g/cm^2/MeV; rho = 1.396 g/cm^3; 289 // ATLAS Efield = 10 kV/cm provide the stron 288 // ATLAS Efield = 10 kV/cm provide the strongest effect 290 // kB = 0.1576*mm/MeV 289 // kB = 0.1576*mm/MeV 291 // A. Kiryunin and P.Strizenec "Geant4 hadro 290 // A. Kiryunin and P.Strizenec "Geant4 hadronic 292 // working group meeting " kB = 0.041/9.13 g 291 // working group meeting " kB = 0.041/9.13 g/cm^2/MeV 293 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_lAr"); 292 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_lAr"); 294 g4MatData.push_back(0.032*mm/MeV); 293 g4MatData.push_back(0.032*mm/MeV); 295 294 296 //G4_BARIUM_FLUORIDE 295 //G4_BARIUM_FLUORIDE 297 //G4_CESIUM_IODIDE 296 //G4_CESIUM_IODIDE 298 //G4_GEL_PHOTO_EMULSION 297 //G4_GEL_PHOTO_EMULSION 299 //G4_PHOTO_EMULSION 298 //G4_PHOTO_EMULSION 300 //G4_PLASTIC_SC_VINYLTOLUENE 299 //G4_PLASTIC_SC_VINYLTOLUENE 301 //G4_SODIUM_IODIDE 300 //G4_SODIUM_IODIDE 302 //G4_STILBENE 301 //G4_STILBENE 303 //G4_lAr 302 //G4_lAr 304 303 305 //G4_PbWO4 - CMS value 304 //G4_PbWO4 - CMS value 306 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_PbWO4"); 305 g4MatNames.push_back("G4_PbWO4"); 307 g4MatData.push_back(0.0333333*mm/MeV); 306 g4MatData.push_back(0.0333333*mm/MeV); 308 307 309 //G4_Lucite 308 //G4_Lucite 310 309 311 } 310 } 312 311 313 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 312 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.... 314 313