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25 // 22 //
>> 23 // $Id: G4ionIonisation.cc,v 1.23 2004/05/27 17:22:56 vnivanch Exp $
>> 24 // GEANT4 tag $Name: geant4-06-02 $
26 // 25 //
27 // ------------------------------------------- 26 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
28 // 27 //
29 // GEANT4 Class file 28 // GEANT4 Class file
30 // 29 //
31 // 30 //
32 // File name: G4ionIonisation 31 // File name: G4ionIonisation
33 // 32 //
34 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko 33 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
35 // 34 //
36 // Creation date: 07.05.2002 35 // Creation date: 07.05.2002
37 // 36 //
38 // Modifications: 37 // Modifications:
39 // 38 //
40 // 23-12-02 Change interface in order to move 39 // 23-12-02 Change interface in order to move to cut per region (V.Ivanchenko)
41 // 26-12-02 Secondary production moved to deri 40 // 26-12-02 Secondary production moved to derived classes (V.Ivanchenko)
42 // 13-02-03 SubCutoff regime is assigned to a 41 // 13-02-03 SubCutoff regime is assigned to a region (V.Ivanchenko)
43 // 18-04-03 Use IonFluctuations (V.Ivanchenko) 42 // 18-04-03 Use IonFluctuations (V.Ivanchenko)
44 // 03-08-03 Add effective charge (V.Ivanchenko 43 // 03-08-03 Add effective charge (V.Ivanchenko)
45 // 12-11-03 G4EnergyLossSTD -> G4EnergyLossPro 44 // 12-11-03 G4EnergyLossSTD -> G4EnergyLossProcess (V.Ivanchenko)
46 // 27-05-04 Set integral to be a default regim << 45 // 27-05-04 Set integral to be a default regime (V.Ivanchenko)
47 // 08-11-04 Migration to new interface of Stor <<
48 // 08-04-05 Major optimisation of internal int <<
49 // 10-01-06 SetStepLimits -> SetStepFunction ( <<
50 // 10-05-06 Add a possibility to download user <<
51 // 13-05-06 Add data for light ion stopping in <<
52 // 14-01-07 use SetEmModel() and SetFluctModel <<
53 // 16-05-07 Add data for light ion stopping on <<
54 // 07-11-07 Fill non-ionizing energy loss (V.I <<
55 // 12-09-08 Removed InitialiseMassCharge and C <<
56 // 46 //
57 // 47 //
58 // ------------------------------------------- 48 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
59 // 49 //
60 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 50 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
61 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 51 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
62 52
63 #include "G4ionIonisation.hh" 53 #include "G4ionIonisation.hh"
64 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh" <<
65 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh" <<
66 #include "G4Electron.hh" 54 #include "G4Electron.hh"
67 #include "G4GenericIon.hh" << 55 #include "G4Proton.hh"
>> 56 #include "G4AntiProton.hh"
68 #include "G4BraggModel.hh" 57 #include "G4BraggModel.hh"
69 #include "G4BraggIonModel.hh" <<
70 #include "G4BetheBlochModel.hh" 58 #include "G4BetheBlochModel.hh"
71 #include "G4LossTableManager.hh" << 59 #include "G4IonFluctuations.hh"
72 #include "G4EmParameters.hh" << 60 #include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
73 #include "G4EmStandUtil.hh" <<
74 61
75 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 62 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
76 63
77 G4ionIonisation::G4ionIonisation(const G4Strin 64 G4ionIonisation::G4ionIonisation(const G4String& name)
78 : G4VEnergyLossProcess(name) << 65 : G4VEnergyLossProcess(name),
>> 66 theParticle(0),
>> 67 subCutoff(false)
79 { 68 {
80 SetLinearLossLimit(0.02); << 69 InitialiseProcess();
81 SetProcessSubType(fIonisation); <<
82 SetSecondaryParticle(G4Electron::Electron()) <<
83 eth = 2*CLHEP::MeV; <<
84 } 70 }
85 71
86 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 72 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
87 73
88 G4bool G4ionIonisation::IsApplicable(const G4P << 74 G4ionIonisation::~G4ionIonisation()
>> 75 {}
>> 76
>> 77 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
>> 78
>> 79 void G4ionIonisation::InitialiseProcess()
89 { 80 {
90 return true; << 81 SetSecondaryParticle(G4Electron::Electron());
>> 82
>> 83 SetDEDXBinning(120);
>> 84 SetLambdaBinning(120);
>> 85 SetMinKinEnergy(0.1*keV);
>> 86 SetMaxKinEnergy(100.0*TeV);
>> 87
>> 88 flucModel = new G4IonFluctuations();
>> 89
>> 90 G4VEmModel* em = new G4BraggModel();
>> 91 em->SetLowEnergyLimit(0.1*keV);
>> 92 em->SetHighEnergyLimit(2.0*MeV);
>> 93 AddEmModel(1, em, flucModel);
>> 94 G4VEmModel* em1 = new G4BetheBlochModel();
>> 95 em1->SetLowEnergyLimit(2.0*MeV);
>> 96 em1->SetHighEnergyLimit(100.0*TeV);
>> 97 AddEmModel(2, em1, flucModel);
>> 98
>> 99 chargeLowLimit = 0.1;
>> 100 energyLowLimit = 25.*MeV;
>> 101 SetLinearLossLimit(0.15);
>> 102 SetStepLimits(0.1, 0.1*mm);
91 } 103 }
92 104
93 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 105 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
94 106
95 G4double G4ionIonisation::MinPrimaryEnergy(con << 107 const G4ParticleDefinition* G4ionIonisation::DefineBaseParticle(
96 const G4Material*, << 108 const G4ParticleDefinition* p)
97 G4double cut) <<
98 { 109 {
99 return p->GetPDGMass()*(std::sqrt(1. + 0.5*c << 110 if(p) theParticle = p;
>> 111 theBaseParticle = G4Proton::Proton();
>> 112 return theBaseParticle;
100 } 113 }
101 114
102 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 115 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
103 116
104 void G4ionIonisation::InitialiseEnergyLossProc << 117 void G4ionIonisation::PrintInfoDefinition()
105 const G4ParticleDefinition* part, <<
106 const G4ParticleDefinition* bpart) <<
107 { 118 {
108 const G4ParticleDefinition* ion = G4GenericI << 119 G4VEnergyLossProcess::PrintInfoDefinition();
109 120
110 if(!isInitialised) { << 121 G4cout << " Scaling relation is used to proton dE/dx and range"
111 theParticle = part; << 122 << G4endl
112 << 123 << " Bether-Bloch model for Escaled > 2 MeV, "
113 // define base particle << 124 << "parametrisation of Bragg peak below."
114 const G4ParticleDefinition* theBaseParticl << 125 << G4endl;
115 const G4int pdg = part->GetPDGEncoding(); << 126 }
116 127
117 if(part == bpart) { << 128 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
118 theBaseParticle = nullptr; <<
119 } else if(nullptr != bpart) { <<
120 theBaseParticle = bpart; <<
121 } else if(part == ion || pdg == 1000020040 <<
122 theBaseParticle = nullptr; <<
123 } else { <<
124 theBaseParticle = ion; <<
125 } <<
126 SetBaseParticle(theBaseParticle); <<
127 129
128 // model limit defined for protons << 130 void G4ionIonisation::SetSubCutoff(G4bool val)
129 eth = 2*CLHEP::MeV*part->GetPDGMass()/CLHE << 131 {
>> 132 subCutoff = val;
>> 133 }
130 134
131 G4EmParameters* param = G4EmParameters::In << 135 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
132 G4double emin = param->MinKinEnergy(); <<
133 G4double emax = param->MaxKinEnergy(); <<
134 <<
135 // define model of energy loss fluctuation <<
136 if (nullptr == FluctModel()) { <<
137 SetFluctModel(G4EmStandUtil::ModelOfFluc <<
138 } <<
139 136
140 if (nullptr == EmModel(0)) { << 137 G4double G4ionIonisation::EffectiveCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
141 if (pdg == 1000020040) { << 138 const G4Material* material,
142 SetEmModel(new G4BraggIonModel()); << 139 G4double kineticEnergy)
143 } else { << 140 {
144 SetEmModel(new G4BraggModel()); << 141 G4double mass = p->GetPDGMass();
>> 142 G4double charge = p->GetPDGCharge();
>> 143 G4double Zi = charge/eplus;
>> 144
>> 145 chargeCorrection = 1.0;
>> 146
>> 147 // The aproximation of ion effective charge from:
>> 148 // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
>> 149 // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
>> 150 // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
>> 151 // Fast ions or hadrons
>> 152 G4double reducedEnergy = kineticEnergy * proton_mass_c2/mass ;
>> 153 if( reducedEnergy > energyLowLimit || Zi < 1.5 ) return charge ;
>> 154
>> 155 static G4double vFermi[92] = {
>> 156 1.0309, 0.15976, 0.59782, 1.0781, 1.0486, 1.0, 1.058, 0.93942, 0.74562, 0.3424,
>> 157 0.45259, 0.71074, 0.90519, 0.97411, 0.97184, 0.89852, 0.70827, 0.39816, 0.36552, 0.62712,
>> 158 0.81707, 0.9943, 1.1423, 1.2381, 1.1222, 0.92705, 1.0047, 1.2, 1.0661, 0.97411,
>> 159 0.84912, 0.95, 1.0903, 1.0429, 0.49715, 0.37755, 0.35211, 0.57801, 0.77773, 1.0207,
>> 160 1.029, 1.2542, 1.122, 1.1241, 1.0882, 1.2709, 1.2542, 0.90094, 0.74093, 0.86054,
>> 161 0.93155, 1.0047, 0.55379, 0.43289, 0.32636, 0.5131, 0.695, 0.72591, 0.71202, 0.67413,
>> 162 0.71418, 0.71453, 0.5911, 0.70263, 0.68049, 0.68203, 0.68121, 0.68532, 0.68715, 0.61884,
>> 163 0.71801, 0.83048, 1.1222, 1.2381, 1.045, 1.0733, 1.0953, 1.2381, 1.2879, 0.78654,
>> 164 0.66401, 0.84912, 0.88433, 0.80746, 0.43357, 0.41923, 0.43638, 0.51464, 0.73087, 0.81065,
>> 165 1.9578, 1.0257} ;
>> 166
>> 167 static G4double lFactor[92] = {
>> 168 1.0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.06, 1.01, 1.03, 1.04, 0.99, 0.95, 0.9,
>> 169 0.82, 0.81, 0.83, 0.88, 1.0, 0.95, 0.97, 0.99, 0.98, 0.97,
>> 170 0.98, 0.97, 0.96, 0.93, 0.91, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 171 0.9, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 172 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9, 0.88, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 173 0.9, 0.9, 0.96, 1.2, 0.9, 0.88, 0.88, 0.85, 0.9, 0.9,
>> 174 0.92, 0.95, 0.99, 1.03, 1.05, 1.07, 1.08, 1.1, 1.08, 1.08,
>> 175 1.08, 1.08, 1.09, 1.09, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15,
>> 176 1.17, 1.2, 1.18, 1.17, 1.17, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16, 1.16,
>> 177 1.16, 1.16} ;
>> 178
>> 179 static G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429,
>> 180 0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475} ;
>> 181
>> 182 // get elements in the actual material,
>> 183 const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = material->GetElementVector() ;
>> 184 const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
>> 185 material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector() ;
>> 186 const G4int NumberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements() ;
>> 187
>> 188 // loop for the elements in the material
>> 189 // to find out average values Z, vF, lF
>> 190 G4double z = 0.0, vF = 0.0, lF = 0.0, norm = 0.0 ;
>> 191
>> 192 if( 1 == NumberOfElements ) {
>> 193 z = material->GetZ() ;
>> 194 G4int iz = G4int(z) - 1 ;
>> 195 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ;
>> 196 else if(iz > 91) iz = 91 ;
>> 197 vF = vFermi[iz] ;
>> 198 lF = lFactor[iz] ;
>> 199
>> 200 } else {
>> 201 for (G4int iel=0; iel<NumberOfElements; iel++)
>> 202 {
>> 203 const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[iel] ;
>> 204 G4double z2 = element->GetZ() ;
>> 205 const G4double weight = theAtomicNumDensityVector[iel] ;
>> 206 norm += weight ;
>> 207 z += z2 * weight ;
>> 208 G4int iz = G4int(z2) - 1 ;
>> 209 if(iz < 0) iz = 0 ;
>> 210 else if(iz > 91) iz =91 ;
>> 211 vF += vFermi[iz] * weight ;
>> 212 lF += lFactor[iz] * weight ;
145 } 213 }
>> 214 z /= norm ;
>> 215 vF /= norm ;
>> 216 lF /= norm ;
>> 217 }
>> 218
>> 219 G4double q;
>> 220 // Helium ion case
>> 221 if( Zi < 2.5 ) {
>> 222
>> 223 // Normalise to He4 mass
>> 224 G4double e = log(std::max(1.0, kineticEnergy / (keV*4.0026) ) );
>> 225 G4double x = c[0] ;
>> 226 G4double y = 1.0 ;
>> 227 for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) {
>> 228 y *= e ;
>> 229 x += y * c[i] ;
146 } 230 }
147 // to compute ranges correctly we have to << 231 q = 7.6 - e ;
148 // model even if activation limit is high << 232 q = 1.0 + ( 0.007 + 0.00005 * z ) * exp( -q*q ) * sqrt(1.0 - exp(-x)) ;
149 EmModel(0)->SetLowEnergyLimit(emin); << 233 if( q < chargeLowLimit ) q = chargeLowLimit ;
150 << 234
151 // high energy limit may be eth or DBL_MAX << 235 // Heavy ion case
152 G4double emax1 = (EmModel(0)->HighEnergyLi << 236 } else {
153 EmModel(0)->SetHighEnergyLimit(emax1); << 237 // v1 is ion velocity in vF unit
154 AddEmModel(1, EmModel(0), FluctModel()); << 238 G4double v1 = sqrt( reducedEnergy / (25.0 * keV) )/ vF ;
155 << 239 G4double y ;
156 // second model is used if the first does << 240 G4double z13 = pow(Zi, 0.3333) ;
157 if(emax1 < emax) { << 241
158 if (nullptr == EmModel(1)) { SetEmModel( << 242 // Faster than Fermi velocity
159 EmModel(1)->SetLowEnergyLimit(emax1); << 243 if ( v1 > 1.0 ) {
160 << 244 y = vF * v1 * ( 1.0 + 0.2 / (v1*v1) ) / (z13*z13) ;
161 // for extremely heavy particles upper l << 245
162 // should be increased << 246 // Slower than Fermi velocity
163 emax = std::max(emax, eth*10); << 247 } else {
164 EmModel(1)->SetHighEnergyLimit(emax); << 248 y = 0.6923 * vF * (1.0 + 2.0*v1*v1/3.0 + v1*v1*v1*v1/15.0) / (z13*z13) ;
165 AddEmModel(2, EmModel(1), FluctModel()); <<
166 } 249 }
167 isInitialised = true; << 250
>> 251 G4double y3 = pow(y, 0.3) ;
>> 252 // G4cout << "y= " << y << " y3= " << y3 << " v1= " << v1 << " vF= " << vF << G4endl;
>> 253 q = 1.0 - exp( 0.803*y3 - 1.3167*y3*y3 - 0.38157*y - 0.008983*y*y ) ;
>> 254
>> 255 if( q < chargeLowLimit ) q = chargeLowLimit ;
>> 256
>> 257 G4double s = 7.6 - log(std::max(1.0, reducedEnergy/keV)) ;
>> 258 s = 1.0 + ( 0.18 + 0.0015 * z ) * exp( -s*s )/ (Zi*Zi) ;
>> 259
>> 260 // Screen length according to
>> 261 // J.F.Ziegler and J.M.Manoyan, The stopping of ions in compaunds,
>> 262 // Nucl. Inst. & Meth. in Phys. Res. B35 (1988) 215-228.
>> 263
>> 264 G4double lambda = 10.0 * vF * pow(1.0-q, 0.6667) / (z13 * (6.0 + q)) ;
>> 265 chargeCorrection = s * (1.0 + 0.5*(1.0/q - 1.0)*log(1.0 + lambda*lambda)/(vF*vF) );
168 } 266 }
>> 267 // G4cout << "G4ionIonisation: charge= " << charge << " q= " << q
>> 268 // << " chargeCor= " << chargeCorrection << G4endl;
>> 269 return charge*q;
169 } 270 }
170 271
171 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo 272 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
172 273
173 void G4ionIonisation::ProcessDescription(std:: <<
174 { <<
175 out << " Ion ionisation"; <<
176 G4VEnergyLossProcess::ProcessDescription(out <<
177 } <<
178 274
179 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oo <<
180 275