| Geant4 Cross Reference |
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2 2
3 ========================================= 3 =========================================================
4 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for S 4 Geant4 - an Object-Oriented Toolkit for Simulation in HEP
5 ========================================= 5 =========================================================
6 6
7 fanoCavity 7 fanoCavity
8 ---------- 8 ----------
9 9
10 This program computes the dose deposited i 10 This program computes the dose deposited in an ionization chamber by a
11 monoenergetic photon beam. 11 monoenergetic photon beam.
12 The geometry of the chamber satisfies the 12 The geometry of the chamber satisfies the conditions of charged particle
13 equilibrium. Hence, under idealized condit 13 equilibrium. Hence, under idealized conditions, the ratio of the dose
14 deposited over the beam energy fluence mus 14 deposited over the beam energy fluence must be equal to the
15 mass_energy_transfer coefficient of the wa 15 mass_energy_transfer coefficient of the wall material.
16 16
17 E.Poon and al, Phys. Med. Biol. 50 (2005) 17 E.Poon and al, Phys. Med. Biol. 50 (2005) 681
18 I.Kawrakow, Med. Phys. 27-3 (2000) 499 18 I.Kawrakow, Med. Phys. 27-3 (2000) 499
19 19
20 1- GEOMETRY 20 1- GEOMETRY
21 21
22 The chamber is modelized as a cylinder wit 22 The chamber is modelized as a cylinder with a cavity in it.
23 23
24 6 parameters define the geometry : 24 6 parameters define the geometry :
25 - the material of the wall of the chambe 25 - the material of the wall of the chamber
26 - the radius of the chamber and the thic 26 - the radius of the chamber and the thickness of the wall
27 - the material of the cavity 27 - the material of the cavity
28 - the radius and the thickness of the ca 28 - the radius and the thickness of the cavity
29 29
30 Wall and cavity must be made of the same m 30 Wall and cavity must be made of the same material, but with different
31 density 31 density
32 32
33 All above parameters can be redifined via 33 All above parameters can be redifined via the UI commands built in
34 DetectorMessenger class 34 DetectorMessenger class
35 35
36 ----------------- 36 -----------------
37 | | 37 | |
38 | wall | 38 | wall |
39 | ----- | 39 | ----- |
40 | | | | 40 | | | |
41 | | <-+-----+--- cavit 41 | | <-+-----+--- cavity
42 ------> | | | | 42 ------> | | | |
43 ------> | | | | 43 ------> | | | |
44 beam -------------------------------- c 44 beam -------------------------------- cylinder axis
45 ------> | | | | 45 ------> | | | |
46 ------> | | | | 46 ------> | | | |
47 | | | | 47 | | | |
48 | | | | 48 | | | |
49 | ----- | 49 | ----- |
50 | | 50 | |
51 | | 51 | |
52 ----------------- 52 -----------------
53 53
54 2- BEAM 54 2- BEAM
55 55
56 Monoenergetic incident photon beam is unif 56 Monoenergetic incident photon beam is uniformly distribued, perpendicular
57 to the flat end of the chamber. The beam r 57 to the flat end of the chamber. The beam radius can be controled with an
58 UI command built in PrimaryGeneratorMessen 58 UI command built in PrimaryGeneratorMessenger; the default is full wall
59 chamber radius. 59 chamber radius.
60 60
61 Beam regeneration : after each Compton int 61 Beam regeneration : after each Compton interaction, the scattered photon is
62 reset to its initial state, energy and dir 62 reset to its initial state, energy and direction. Consequently, interaction
63 sites are uniformly distribued within the 63 sites are uniformly distribued within the wall material.
64 64
65 This modification must be done in the Part 65 This modification must be done in the ParticleChange of the final state
66 of the Compton scattering interaction. The 66 of the Compton scattering interaction. Therefore, a specific model
67 (MyKleinNishinaCompton) is assigned to the 67 (MyKleinNishinaCompton) is assigned to the ComptonScattering process in
68 PhysicsList. MyKleinNishinaCompton inherit 68 PhysicsList. MyKleinNishinaCompton inherites from G4KleinNishinaCompton;
69 only the function SampleSecondaries() is o 69 only the function SampleSecondaries() is overwritten.
70 70
71 3- PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAM 71 3- PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAM
72 72
73 The program computes the dose deposited in 73 The program computes the dose deposited in the cavity and the ratio
74 Dose/Beam_energy_fluence. This ratio is co 74 Dose/Beam_energy_fluence. This ratio is compared to the mass_energy_transfer
75 coefficient of the wall material. 75 coefficient of the wall material.
76 76
77 The mass_energy_transfer coefficient needs 77 The mass_energy_transfer coefficient needs :
78 - the photon total cross section, whic 78 - the photon total cross section, which is read from the PhysicsTables
79 by G4EmCalculator (see EndOfRunActio 79 by G4EmCalculator (see EndOfRunAction).
80 - the average kinetic energy of charge 80 - the average kinetic energy of charged secondaries generated in the
81 wall during the run. 81 wall during the run.
82 82
83 The program needs high statistic to reach 83 The program needs high statistic to reach precision on the computed dose.
84 The UI command /run/printProgress allows t 84 The UI command /run/printProgress allows to survey the convergence of
85 the kineticEnergy and dose calculations. 85 the kineticEnergy and dose calculations.
86 86
87 In addition, to increase the program effic 87 In addition, to increase the program efficiency, the secondary particles
88 which have no chance to reach the cavity a 88 which have no chance to reach the cavity are immediately killed (see
89 StackinAction). This feature can be switch 89 StackinAction). This feature can be switched off by an UI command (see
90 StackingMessenger). 90 StackingMessenger).
91 91
92 The simplest way to study the effect of e- 92 The simplest way to study the effect of e- tracking parameters on dose
93 deposition is to use the command /testem/s 93 deposition is to use the command /testem/stepMax.
94 94
95 4- PHYSICS 95 4- PHYSICS
96 96
97 The physics lists contains the standard el 97 The physics lists contains the standard electromagnetic processes, with few
98 modifications listed here. 98 modifications listed here.
99 99
100 - Compton scattering : as explained above, 100 - Compton scattering : as explained above, the final state is modified in
101 MyKleinNishinaCompton class. 101 MyKleinNishinaCompton class.
102 102
103 In order to make the program more efficien 103 In order to make the program more efficient, one can increase the Compton
104 cross section via the function SetCSFactor 104 cross section via the function SetCSFactor(factor) and its
105 associated UI command. Default is factor=1 105 associated UI command. Default is factor=1000.
106 106
107 - Bremsstrahlung : Fano conditions imply n 107 - Bremsstrahlung : Fano conditions imply no energy transfer via
108 bremsstrahlung radiation. Therefore this p 108 bremsstrahlung radiation. Therefore this process is not registered in the
109 physics list. However, it is always possib 109 physics list. However, it is always possible to include it.
110 See PhysListEmStandard class. 110 See PhysListEmStandard class.
111 111
112 - Ionisation : In order to have same stopp 112 - Ionisation : In order to have same stopping power in wall and cavity, one
113 must cancel the density correction term in 113 must cancel the density correction term in the dedx formula. This is done in
114 a specific MollerBhabha model (MyMollerBha 114 a specific MollerBhabha model (MyMollerBhabhaModel) which inherites from
115 G4MollerBhabhaModel. 115 G4MollerBhabhaModel.
116 116
117 To prevent explicit generation of delta-ra 117 To prevent explicit generation of delta-rays, the default production
118 threshold (i.e. cut) is set to 10 km (CSDA 118 threshold (i.e. cut) is set to 10 km (CSDA condition).
119 119
120 The finalRange of the step function is set 120 The finalRange of the step function is set to 10 um, which more on less
121 correspond to a tracking cut in water of a 121 correspond to a tracking cut in water of about 20 keV. See emOptions.
122 Once again, the above parameters can be co 122 Once again, the above parameters can be controled via UI commands.
123 123
124 - Multiple scattering : is switched in sin 124 - Multiple scattering : is switched in single Coulomb scattering mode near
125 boundaries. This is selected via EM option 125 boundaries. This is selected via EM options in PhysicsList, and can be
126 controled with UI commands. 126 controled with UI commands.
127 127
128 - All PhysicsTables are built with 100 bin 128 - All PhysicsTables are built with 100 bins per decade.
129 129
130 5- HISTOGRAMS 130 5- HISTOGRAMS
131 131
132 fanoCavity has several predefined 1D histog 132 fanoCavity has several predefined 1D histograms :
133 133
134 1 : emission point of e+- 134 1 : emission point of e+-
135 2 : energy spectrum of e+- 135 2 : energy spectrum of e+-
136 3 : theta distribution of e+- 136 3 : theta distribution of e+-
137 4 : emission point of e+- hitting cavity 137 4 : emission point of e+- hitting cavity
138 5 : energy spectrum of e+- when entering 138 5 : energy spectrum of e+- when entering in cavity
139 6 : theta distribution of e+- before ent 139 6 : theta distribution of e+- before enter in cavity
140 7 : theta distribution of e+- at first s 140 7 : theta distribution of e+- at first step in cavity
141 8 : track segment of e+- in cavity 141 8 : track segment of e+- in cavity
142 9 : step size of e+- in wall 142 9 : step size of e+- in wall
143 10 : step size of e+- in cavity 143 10 : step size of e+- in cavity
144 11 : energy deposit in cavity per track 144 11 : energy deposit in cavity per track
145 145
146 The histograms are managed by G4AnalysisMan 146 The histograms are managed by G4AnalysisManager class and its messenger.
147 The histos can be individually activated wi 147 The histos can be individually activated with the command :
148 /analysis/h1/set id nbBins valMin valMax u 148 /analysis/h1/set id nbBins valMin valMax unit
149 where unit is the desired unit for the hist 149 where unit is the desired unit for the histo (MeV or keV, deg or mrad, etc..)
150 150
151 One can control the name of the histograms 151 One can control the name of the histograms file with the command:
152 /analysis/setFileName name (default fanoC 152 /analysis/setFileName name (default fanoCavity)
153 153
154 It is possible to choose the format of the 154 It is possible to choose the format of the histogram file : root (default),
155 hdf5, xml, csv, by changing the default fil 155 hdf5, xml, csv, by changing the default file type in HistoManager.cc
156 156
157 It is also possible to print selected histo 157 It is also possible to print selected histograms on an ascii file:
158 /analysis/h1/setAscii id 158 /analysis/h1/setAscii id
159 All selected histos will be written on a fi 159 All selected histos will be written on a file name.ascii (default fanocavity)
160 160
161 6- HOW TO START ? 161 6- HOW TO START ?
162 162
163 - execute fanoCavity in 'batch' mode from 163 - execute fanoCavity in 'batch' mode from macro files
164 % fanoCavity run01.mac 164 % fanoCavity run01.mac
165 165
166 - execute fanoCavity in 'interactive mode' 166 - execute fanoCavity in 'interactive mode' with visualization
167 % fanoCavity 167 % fanoCavity
168 .... 168 ....
169 Idle> type your commands 169 Idle> type your commands
170 .... 170 ....
171 Idle> exit 171 Idle> exit
172 <<
173 Alternative macro file: <<
174 basic.mac - disabled multiple scattering a <<