| Geant4 Cross Reference |
1 1
2 ========================================= 2 =========================================================
3 Geant4 - Brachytherapy example 3 Geant4 - Brachytherapy example
4 ========================================= 4 =========================================================
5 5
6 README 6 README
7 --------------------- 7 ---------------------
8 8
9 <<
10 The brachytherapy example is currently maintai <<
11 Luciano Pandola (2) <<
12 <<
13 1. Centre For Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) <<
14 2. LNS, INFN, Catania, Italy. <<
15 <<
16 ---------------------------------------------- 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 <<
18 Contact: susanna@uow.edu.au <<
19 deanc@uow.edu.au <<
20 geant4-advanced-examples@cern.ch <<
21 <<
22 ---------------------------------------------- <<
23 <<
24 List of past co-authors: <<
25 S. George, S. Agostinelli, F. Foppiano, S. Gar <<
26 <<
27 ---------------------------------------------- <<
28 ----> Introduction. 10 ----> Introduction.
29 11
30 Brachytherapy example simulates the energy de << 12 Brachytherapy example simulates energy deposit in a Phantom filled with
31 1) Iridium sources (Flexisource and TG186). << 13 soft tissue for:
32 2) Iodine sources (Bebig Isoseed and Oncura 67 << 14 1) Iridium source (endocavitary brachytherapy).
33 3) Leipzig Applicator with an iridium source ( << 15 2) Iodium source (interstitial brachytherapy).
34 << 16 3) Leipzig Applicator (superficial brachytherapy).
35 The Flexisource, an Ir-192 source manufactured <<
36 The geometry of the Flexisource was adapted fr <<
37 "A dosimetric study on the Ir-192 high dose ra <<
38 <<
39 The TG186 source is a generic Ir-192 source cr <<
40 Details of the TG186 source may be obtained fr <<
41 "A generic high-dose rate 192Ir brachytherapy <<
42 <<
43 In particular in this example it is shown how <<
44 - model a radioactive source in terms of radi <<
45 - model the radiation field with the General P <<
46 1) Define the energy spectrum of photons ex <<
47 2) Modelling the Radioactive decay <<
48 - calculate the energy deposition in a phantom <<
49 - define the physics by means of a Geant4 Modu <<
50 - save results in an analysis ROOT file <<
51 - calculate the dose rate distribution along t <<
52 - compare the calculated dose rate distributio <<
53 <<
54 In the case of the example, the dose rate dist <<
55 J. Pérez-Calatayud, E. Casal, et al,"A dosime <<
56 The dose rate distribution of the Oncura 6711 <<
57 dosimetry of an I-125 brachytherapy seed", Med <<
58 <<
59 The example can be executed in multithreading <<
60 <<
61 ---------------------------------------------- 17 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
62 ----> 1.Experimental set-up. 18 ----> 1.Experimental set-up.
63 19
64 The default source is a Ir-192 Flexisource set << 20 The default source is an Ir-131 source put in the center of the Phantom.
65 The phantom is set in the World volume filled << 21 The Phantom is a box (dimension:30cm), it is gridded in
66 << 22 voxels (1.mm dimension)
67 The primary radiation field is defined by mean <<
68 ---------------------------------------------- 23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
69 ----> 2.SET-UP 24 ----> 2.SET-UP
70 25
71 A standard Geant4 example CMakeLists.txt is pr << 26 -a standard Geant4 example GNUmakefile is provided
>> 27
>> 28 setup with:
>> 29 G4SYSTEM = linux-g++
72 30
>> 31 The following environment variables need to be set:
>> 32
>> 33 G4LEDATA: points to low energy database
>> 34
>> 35 setup for analysis: AIDA 3.2.1, PI 1.3.3 (PI is Obsolete)
>> 36
>> 37 Users can download the analysis tools from:
>> 38
>> 39 http://aida.freehep.org/
>> 40 http://cern.ch/pfeiffer
>> 41 http://www.cern.ch/PI (OBSOLETE)
73 ---------------------------------------------- 42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
74 ----> 3.How to run the example. 43 ----> 3.How to run the example.
75 44
76 - Batch mode: << 45 - batch mode:
77 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy FlexiSourceM <<
78 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy LeipzigSourc <<
79 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IridiumSourc 46 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IridiumSourceMacro.mac
80 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IodiumSource << 47 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IodiumSourceMacro.mac
81 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy OncuraIodine << 48 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy LeipzigSourceMacro.mac
82 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy LeipzigSourc <<
83 49
84 - Interative mode: 50 - Interative mode:
85 3) $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy 51 3) $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy
86 VisualisationMacro.mac is loaded automati << 52 The VisualisationMacro.mac is loaded automatically
87 <<
88 * How to change the absorber material of the p <<
89 idle>/phantom/selectMaterial materialName <<
90 <<
91 ---------------------------------------------- <<
92 ----> 4. Primary radiation Field <<
93 <<
94 The radiation field is defined with the Genera <<
95 <<
96 Two alternative options are offered: <<
97 1) Define gamma as primary radiation field. Th <<
98 This radiation field is defined in: <<
99 iodine_source_primary.mac and iridium_source_p <<
100 <<
101 2) Model the radioactive Decay. The primary pa <<
102 This option is modelled in iodine_decay.mac an <<
103 <<
104 The GPS macros are executed in VisualisationMa <<
105 53
106 - The Flexisource is the default source of the << 54 -->possible different configurations for interactive mode:
107 - In VisualisationMacro.mac the source is the <<
108 - In FlexiSourceMacro.mac the Flexi Ir source <<
109 - In IodineSourceMacro.mac, the Bebig Isoseed <<
110 Alternatively the radioactive decay of I can <<
111 - In LeipzigSourceMacro.mac, A Leipzig applica <<
112 - The TG186SourceMacro.mac models the referenc <<
113 - OncuraIodineSourceMacro.mac models both the <<
114 ---------------------------------------------- <<
115 ----> 5. Physics List <<
116 <<
117 The electromagnetic Livermore Low Energy physi <<
118 The cut is 0.05 mm. <<
119 Fluorescence and Auger electron emission are i <<
120 <<
121 ---------------------------------------------- <<
122 ----> 6. Scoring mesh <<
123 <<
124 The scoring mesh is used to calculate the ener <<
125 integrated over the whole run. The scoring mes <<
126 The default output format of the scoring is ch <<
127 The scoring mesh is fixed with a size of 20.0 <<
128 <<
129 When running in interactive mode there is no s <<
130 55
>> 56 1)Ir source:
>> 57 idle>/run/beamOn NumberOfEvents ...and then
>> 58 idle>exit
>> 59
>> 60 2)Leipzig Applicator:
>> 61 idle>/source/switch Leipzig
>> 62 idle>/run/beamOn NumberOfEvents ...and then
>> 63 idle> exit
>> 64
>> 65 3) Iodium source:
>> 66 idle>/source/switch Iodium
>> 67 idle>/primary/energy Iodium
>> 68 idle>/run/beamOn NumberOfEvents ...and then
>> 69 idle>exit
>> 70
>> 71 *Before the run you can also change the absorber material of the
>> 72 Phantom:
>> 73 idle>/phantom/selectMaterial materialName
>> 74
>> 75 - batch mode: executable Brachy macroFile.mac
>> 76 macros are provided as example: IodiumSourceMacro.mac,
>> 77 IridiumSourceMacro.mac, LeipzigSourceMacro.mac
>> 78 (ex. $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IodiumSourceMacro.mac)
>> 79 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> 80 ----> 4. Simulation output
>> 81
>> 82 if G4ANALYSIS_USE = 1 in the set-up, the output is brachytherapy.hbk
>> 83
>> 84 It contains:
>> 85 1)1Dhistogram with the primary particle energy
>> 86 2)2Dhistogram with the distribution of energy in the plane
>> 87 (x,z,energy) containing the source (YThickness = 1. mm)
>> 88 3)1Dhistogram with the energy deposit along the X axis in the plane
>> 89 containing the source.
>> 90 4)Ntuple with the 3D energy deposit in the Phantom
>> 91
>> 92 Units: the energy deposit is in MeV;
>> 93 x, y, z in mm for histograms and ntuple
131 ---------------------------------------------- 94 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
132 ----> 6. Analysis << 95 ----> 5.Visualisation
133 96
134 G4Analysis is used to create and fill histogra << 97 a macro is provided ad example of visualisation: VisualisationMacro.mac
135 <<
136 The installation of ROOT is required to plot t <<
137 in primary.root and brachytherapy.root(http:// <<
138 98
139 ---------------------------------------------- 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
140 ----> 7. Simulation output <<
141 <<
142 The output is: <<
143 <<
144 - ASCII file EnergyDeposition.out, with xx (mm <<
145 To limit the use of memory, the energy depos <<
146 <<
147 By default: <<
148 EnergyDeposition_Flexi.out contains the Edep <<
149 EnergyDeposition_iodine.out contains the Ede <<
150 EnergyDeposition_TG186.out contains the Edep <<
151 EnergyDeposition_Leipzig.out contains the Ed <<
152 EnergyDeposition_Oncura.out contains the Ede <<
153 <<
154 - brachytherapy.root, containing a 2D histogra <<
155 to open brachytherapy.root in ROOT interacti <<
156 <<
157 - primary.root, with 1D histogram of the ener <<
158 plot_primary.C is provided as example to ope <<
159 <<
160 ---------------------------------------------- <<
161 ----> 8.Visualisation <<
162 <<
163 A macro is provided ad example of visualisatio <<
164 <<
165 ---------------------------------------------- <<
166 -----> 9. Comparison to reference data <<
167 <<
168 The ROOT macros macro.C and plot_primary.C are <<
169 in the brachytherapy.root file. <<
170 <<
171 The ROOT macro TG43_relative_dose.C has brachy <<
172 the brachytherapy source. The dose rate is nor <<
173 The output file is geant4_dose.txt with two co <<
174 distance from the centre (cm) dose rate distri <<
175 <<
176 The user can then compare the dose rate distri <<
177 <<
178 Directory "comparison": <<
179 As an example, the dose rate distribution calc <<
180 <<
181 The compare.C is a ROOT macro which reads the <<
182 <<
183 The directory "comparison" contains: <<
184 - the reference data, granero.txt <<
185 - the data obtained in Geant4.10.3: geant4.txt <<
186 - comparison.C - macro to read geant4.txt and <<
187 100
188 -----> 10. Regression testing of Geant4 << 101 Further information at http://www.ge.infn.it/geant4/examples/index.html
189 - the macros to run are in test_macro << 102 Contact: geant4-advanced-examples@cern.ch
190 - the results should be processed with analysi <<
191 103
192 104