| Geant4 Cross Reference |
1 1
2 ========================================= 2 =========================================================
3 Geant4 - Brachytherapy example 3 Geant4 - Brachytherapy example
4 ========================================= 4 =========================================================
5 5
6 README 6 README
7 --------------------- 7 ---------------------
8 8
9 9
10 The brachytherapy example is currently maintai << 10 The brachytherapy example is currently maintained and upgraded by Susanna Guatelli (1), with the support of
11 Luciano Pandola (2) << 11 Pablo Cirrone(2), Luciano Pandola (3), Dean Cutajar (1) and Stuart P. George (1)
12 12
13 1. Centre For Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) 13 1. Centre For Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
14 2. LNS, INFN, Catania, Italy. 14 2. LNS, INFN, Catania, Italy.
15 << 15 3. LNGS, INFN, Gran Sasso, Italy
16 ---------------------------------------------- 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 17
18 Contact: susanna@uow.edu.au 18 Contact: susanna@uow.edu.au
19 deanc@uow.edu.au <<
20 geant4-advanced-examples@cern.ch 19 geant4-advanced-examples@cern.ch
21 20
22 ---------------------------------------------- 21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 22
24 List of past co-authors: << 23 List of authors:
25 S. George, S. Agostinelli, F. Foppiano, S. Gar << 24 S. Agostinelli, F. Foppiano, S. Garelli, S. Guatelli, M. G. Pia, M. Tropeano
26 25
27 ---------------------------------------------- 26 -----------------------------------------------------------------
28 ----> Introduction. 27 ----> Introduction.
29 28
30 Brachytherapy example simulates the energy de 29 Brachytherapy example simulates the energy deposit in a water phantom, produced by:
31 1) Iridium sources (Flexisource and TG186). << 30 1) Iridium source (endocavitary brachytherapy).
32 2) Iodine sources (Bebig Isoseed and Oncura 67 << 31 2) Iodium source (interstitial brachytherapy).
33 3) Leipzig Applicator with an iridium source ( << 32 3) Leipzig Applicator (superficial brachytherapy).
34 <<
35 The Flexisource, an Ir-192 source manufactured <<
36 The geometry of the Flexisource was adapted fr <<
37 "A dosimetric study on the Ir-192 high dose ra <<
38 <<
39 The TG186 source is a generic Ir-192 source cr <<
40 Details of the TG186 source may be obtained fr <<
41 "A generic high-dose rate 192Ir brachytherapy <<
42 33
43 In particular in this example it is shown how 34 In particular in this example it is shown how to:
44 - model a radioactive source in terms of radi 35 - model a radioactive source in terms of radiation field and geometry
45 - model the radiation field with the General P << 36 - model the radiation field with the General Particle Source
46 1) Define the energy spectrum of photons ex <<
47 2) Modelling the Radioactive decay <<
48 - calculate the energy deposition in a phantom 37 - calculate the energy deposition in a phantom by means of the G4 scoring mesh
49 - define the physics by means of a Geant4 Modu 38 - define the physics by means of a Geant4 Modular Physics List
50 - save results in an analysis ROOT file << 39 - switch different physics approaches to model electromagnetic physics
51 - calculate the dose rate distribution along t << 40 - save results in an analysis ROOT file using the Geant4 analysis component.
52 - compare the calculated dose rate distributio <<
53 <<
54 In the case of the example, the dose rate dist <<
55 J. Pérez-Calatayud, E. Casal, et al,"A dosime <<
56 The dose rate distribution of the Oncura 6711 <<
57 dosimetry of an I-125 brachytherapy seed", Med <<
58 41
59 The example can be executed in multithreading << 42 The example can be executed in multithreading mode
60 43
61 ---------------------------------------------- 44 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
62 ----> 1.Experimental set-up. 45 ----> 1.Experimental set-up.
63 46
64 The default source is a Ir-192 Flexisource set << 47 The default source is an Ir-131 source set in the center of the phantom.
65 The phantom is set in the World volume filled << 48 The phantom is a box with size 30 cm. The phantom is set in the World volume filled
>> 49 with air.
>> 50
>> 51
66 52
67 The primary radiation field is defined by mean 53 The primary radiation field is defined by means of the GeneralParticleSource
68 ---------------------------------------------- 54 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
69 ----> 2.SET-UP 55 ----> 2.SET-UP
70 56
71 A standard Geant4 example CMakeLists.txt is pr 57 A standard Geant4 example CMakeLists.txt is provided.
72 58
>> 59 Setup for analysis:
>> 60 By default, the example has no analysis component.
>> 61
>> 62 To compile and use the application with the analysis on, build the example with the following command:
>> 63 cmake -DWITH_ANALYSIS_USE=ON -DGeant4_DIR=/path/to/Geant4_installation /path/to/brachytherapy_example
>> 64
>> 65 The installation of ROOT is required (http://root.cern.ch/drupal/).
>> 66
>> 67 macro.C and plot_primary.C are provided to plot the results of the simulation, contained
>> 68 in the brachytherapy.root file.
>> 69
73 ---------------------------------------------- 70 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
74 ----> 3.How to run the example. 71 ----> 3.How to run the example.
75 72
76 - Batch mode: 73 - Batch mode:
77 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy FlexiSourceM <<
78 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy LeipzigSourc <<
79 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IridiumSourc 74 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IridiumSourceMacro.mac
80 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IodiumSource << 75 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy IodiumSourceMacro.mac
81 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy OncuraIodine << 76 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy LeipzigSourceMacro.mac
82 $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy LeipzigSourc <<
83 77
84 - Interative mode: 78 - Interative mode:
85 3) $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy 79 3) $G4WORKDIR/bin/Linux-g++/Brachy
86 VisualisationMacro.mac is loaded automati 80 VisualisationMacro.mac is loaded automatically.
87 81
88 * How to change the absorber material of the p 82 * How to change the absorber material of the phantom:
89 idle>/phantom/selectMaterial materialName 83 idle>/phantom/selectMaterial materialName
90 84
91 ---------------------------------------------- 85 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
92 ----> 4. Primary radiation Field 86 ----> 4. Primary radiation Field
93 87
94 The radiation field is defined with the Genera 88 The radiation field is defined with the General Particle Source.
95 89
96 Two alternative options are offered: 90 Two alternative options are offered:
97 1) Define gamma as primary radiation field. Th 91 1) Define gamma as primary radiation field. The gamma are originated from the radioactive core.
98 This radiation field is defined in: 92 This radiation field is defined in:
99 iodine_source_primary.mac and iridium_source_p 93 iodine_source_primary.mac and iridium_source_primary.mac
100 94
101 2) Model the radioactive Decay. The primary pa 95 2) Model the radioactive Decay. The primary particle is the radionuclide.
102 This option is modelled in iodine_decay.mac an << 96 This option is modelled in iodine_decay.mac and iridium_decay.mac
103 <<
104 The GPS macros are executed in VisualisationMa <<
105 <<
106 - The Flexisource is the default source of the <<
107 - In VisualisationMacro.mac the source is the <<
108 - In FlexiSourceMacro.mac the Flexi Ir source <<
109 - In IodineSourceMacro.mac, the Bebig Isoseed <<
110 Alternatively the radioactive decay of I can <<
111 - In LeipzigSourceMacro.mac, A Leipzig applica <<
112 - The TG186SourceMacro.mac models the referenc <<
113 - OncuraIodineSourceMacro.mac models both the <<
114 ---------------------------------------------- <<
115 ----> 5. Physics List <<
116 <<
117 The electromagnetic Livermore Low Energy physi <<
118 The cut is 0.05 mm. <<
119 Fluorescence and Auger electron emission are i <<
120 97
>> 98 The GPS macros are executed in IridiumSourceMacro.mac, IodiumSourceMacro.mac, LeipzigSourceMacro.mac
121 ---------------------------------------------- 99 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
122 ----> 6. Scoring mesh << 100 ----> 5. Scoring mesh
123 <<
124 The scoring mesh is used to calculate the ener <<
125 integrated over the whole run. The scoring mes <<
126 The default output format of the scoring is ch <<
127 The scoring mesh is fixed with a size of 20.0 <<
128 <<
129 When running in interactive mode there is no s <<
130 <<
131 ---------------------------------------------- <<
132 ----> 6. Analysis <<
133 <<
134 G4Analysis is used to create and fill histogra <<
135 <<
136 The installation of ROOT is required to plot t <<
137 in primary.root and brachytherapy.root(http:// <<
138 101
>> 102 The scoring mesh is used to calculate the energy deposition in the voxels of the phantom,
>> 103 integrated over the whole run. The scoring mesh is defined in the input macro file (see IridiumSourceMacro.mac for example).
>> 104 The user can change the default output format of the scoring in the class BrachyUserScoreWriter.
>> 105
139 ---------------------------------------------- 106 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
140 ----> 7. Simulation output << 107 ----> 6. Simulation output
141 108
142 The output is: 109 The output is:
143 110
144 - ASCII file EnergyDeposition.out, with xx (mm 111 - ASCII file EnergyDeposition.out, with xx (mm), yy(mm), zz(mm), and energy deposition (keV), in the phantom.
145 To limit the use of memory, the energy depos <<
146 <<
147 By default: 112 By default:
148 EnergyDeposition_Flexi.out contains the Edep << 113 EnergyDeposition_iodine.out contains the Edep when Iodine source is selected
149 EnergyDeposition_iodine.out contains the Ede << 114 EnergyDeposition_iridium.out contains the Edep when Iridium source is selected
150 EnergyDeposition_TG186.out contains the Edep << 115 EnergyDeposition_Leipzig.out contains the Edep when the Iridium source with Leipzig applicator is selected
151 EnergyDeposition_Leipzig.out contains the Ed << 116
152 EnergyDeposition_Oncura.out contains the Ede << 117 - brachytherapy.root, containing
153 << 118 - an ntuple with the 3D energy deposition in the phantom. The macro macro.C is provided as example
154 - brachytherapy.root, containing a 2D histogra << 119 to open brachytherapy.root in ROOT interactive session and to plot the results of the simulation.
155 to open brachytherapy.root in ROOT interacti << 120 The ROOT file will be created if the example is built with the WITH_ANALYSIS_USE=ON option (see section 2).
156 << 121 - 1D histogram withe the plot of energy spectrum of gamma emitted by the radioactive decay when the Ir or I decay is modelled
157 - primary.root, with 1D histogram of the ener << 122 (see section 4). plot_primary.C is provided as example to open brachytherapy.root and to plot the energy spectra
158 plot_primary.C is provided as example to ope <<
159 123
160 ---------------------------------------------- 124 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
161 ----> 8.Visualisation << 125 ----> 7.Visualisation
162 <<
163 A macro is provided ad example of visualisatio <<
164 <<
165 ---------------------------------------------- <<
166 -----> 9. Comparison to reference data <<
167 <<
168 The ROOT macros macro.C and plot_primary.C are <<
169 in the brachytherapy.root file. <<
170 126
171 The ROOT macro TG43_relative_dose.C has brachy << 127 a macro is provided ad example of visualisation: VisualisationMacro.mac
172 the brachytherapy source. The dose rate is nor <<
173 The output file is geant4_dose.txt with two co <<
174 distance from the centre (cm) dose rate distri <<
175 <<
176 The user can then compare the dose rate distri <<
177 <<
178 Directory "comparison": <<
179 As an example, the dose rate distribution calc <<
180 <<
181 The compare.C is a ROOT macro which reads the <<
182 <<
183 The directory "comparison" contains: <<
184 - the reference data, granero.txt <<
185 - the data obtained in Geant4.10.3: geant4.txt <<
186 - comparison.C - macro to read geant4.txt and <<
187 <<
188 -----> 10. Regression testing of Geant4 <<
189 - the macros to run are in test_macro <<
190 - the results should be processed with analysi <<
191 128
192 129